Table 1– Clinical case examples

Patient A
Information on CoDe form	Patient died due to liver failure as a consequence of HCV infection
	Patient had clinical signs of liver failure in the 3 weeks prior to death
	CD4 cell count prior to death 48 cells·mm⁻³
	HIV RNA no data
	Autopsy not performed
Additional clinical information
TB	Pulmonary TB diagnosed 3 years earlier, bacteriologically confirmed, fully susceptible to anti-TB drugs
TB	Completed RHZE treatment, no TB recurrence reported
HIV	Known HIV positive for 13 years
	CD4 cell count at TB diagnosis 245 cells·mm⁻³
	HIV RNA 500 000 copies·mL⁻¹
	No ART
CoDe review process	Immediate COD was coded as “liver failure due to HCV infection”
Patient B
Information on CoDe form	Patient died due to dissemination of TB with multiorgan failure
	Condition had deteriorated during the last 1.5 months due to irregular treatment
	Autopsy: macrofocal pulmonary TB with haematogenous dissemination; medium and small caverns with caseous necrosis in upper lung lobes bilateral, drained to bronchi; TB in kidneys, spleen, intra- and extrathoracic lymph nodes; tuberculous meningitis with brain oedema. Patient died due to brain oedema and multiorgan failure
Additional clinical information
TB	Disseminated MDR-TB diagnosed 14 months earlier
TB	Anti-TB treatment RHZ combined with amikacin and ethionamide, but poor adherence to treatment and several episodes of treatment interruptions
HIV	Known HIV-positive for 8 years
	ART initiated after TB diagnosis, but interrupted after 6 months at patient’s wish
	CD4 cell count at TB diagnosis 78 cells·mm⁻³ and at time of death 255 cells·mm⁻³
	HIV RNA not measured
CoDe review process	Immediate COD was coded as “disseminated TB with TB meningitis”
Patient C
Information on CoDe form	Patient died after progressive pulmonary failure over a month
	No signs of TB progression
	Autopsy: signs of PCP
	No evidence for active TB process
Additional clinical information
TB	Presumptive (without positive culture and thus no susceptibility tests available) pulmonary TB diagnosed 1.5 years earlier with involvement of intra- and extrathoracic lymph nodes
	Initial anti-TB treatment was RH with the addition of Z and amikacin 2 months later for a total treatment duration of 8 months
	No recurrence of TB reported
HIV	Known HIV positive for 8 years
	CD4 cell count 5 months prior to TB diagnosis 410 cells·mm⁻³, at time of death 135 cells·mm⁻³
	HIV RNA not measured
	Patient did not receive ART
	PCP was not diagnosed while patient was alive and PCP treatment/prophylaxis not prescribed
CoDe review process	Immediate COD was coded as “non-TB AIDS defining condition, PCP”

CoDe: Coding Causes of Death in HIV; TB: tuberculosis; HCV: hepatitis C virus; R: rifamycin; H: isoniazid; Z: pyrazinamide; E: ethambutol; COD: cause of death; ART: antiretroviral therapy; MDR: multidrug resistant; PCP: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.