| Characteristic | Associations | Specifically targeted treatments |
| Severe allergic asthma | Blood and sputum eosinophils | Anti-IgE (adults and children) |
| High serum IgE | Anti-IL-4/IL-13 | |
| High FeNO | Anti-IL-4 receptor | |
| Eosinophilic asthma | Blood and sputum eosinophils | Anti-IL-5 |
| Recurrent exacerbations | Anti-IL-4/IL-13 | |
| High FeNO | Anti-IL-4 receptor | |
| Neutrophilic asthma¶ | Corticosteroid insensitivity | Anti-IL-8 |
| Bacterial infections | CXCR2 antagonists | |
| Anti-LTB4 (adults and children) | ||
| Macrolides (adults and children) | ||
| Chronic airflow obstruction | Airway wall remodelling as increased airway wall thickness | Anti-IL-13 Bronchial thermoplasty |
| Recurrent exacerbations | Sputum eosinophils in sputum | Anti-IL5 |
| Reduced response to ICS and/or OCS | Anti-IgE (adults and children) | |
| Corticosteroid insensitivity | Increased neutrophils in sputum¶ | p38 MAPK inhibitors |
| Theophylline (adults and children) | ||
| Macrolides (adults and children) |
FeNO: exhaled nitric oxide fraction; IL: interleukin; LTB4: leukotriene B4; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid; OCS: oral corticosteroid; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase. #: Unless otherwise stated, these potential treatments apply to adults; ¶: neutrophilic asthma is rare in children.