Table 2– Lung function over the 26-week study

	Placebo	*Difference versus* placebo**
		QVA149 110/50 μg		Indacaterol 150 μg	Glycopyrronium 50 μg	Tiotropium 18 μg
Trough FEV₁ L
End of day 1	1.27±0.010	0.19 (0.17–0.21)***^,¶,+,§		0.11 (0.09–0.14)***	0.11 (0.09–0.13)***	0.12 (0.09–0.14)***
Week 12^#	1.24±0.014	0.23 (0.19–0.26)***^,¶,+,§		0.15 (0.12–0.18)***^,ƒ	0.12 (0.09–0.15)***	0.13 (0.10–0.17)***
Week 26^#	1.25±0.015	0.20 (0.17–0.24)***^,¶,+,§		0.13 (0.10–0.16)***	0.12 (0.08–0.15)***	0.13 (0.09–0.16)***
FEV₁ AUC_0–4
Day 1	1.30±0.008	0.22 (0.20–0.24)***^,¶,+,§	0.16 (0.14–0.18)***^,¶,##		0.19 (0.17–0.20)***^,¶,§	0.14 (0.12–0.16)***
Week 26	1.23±0.015	0.34 (0.30–0.37)***^,¶,+,§	0.23 (0.19–0.26)***^,¶¶		0.20 (0.16–0.23)***	0.20 (0.17–0.24)***
Peak FEV₁
Day 1	1.38±0.009	0.21 (0.19–0.23)***^,¶,+,§	0.15 (0.13–0.17)***		0.18 (0.16–0.20)***^,¶,§	0.13 (0.11–0.15)***
Week 26	1.31±0.016	0.33 (0.29–0.36)***^,¶,+,§	0.21 (0.18–0.25)***		0.20 (0.16–0.23)***	0.20 (0.16–0.23)***
FEV₁ AUC_0–12
Day 1	1.24±0.023	0.26 (0.21–0.31)***^,¶,+,§	0.16 (0.11–0.21)***		0.18 (0.13–0.23)***^,++	0.13 (0.08–0.18)***
Week 26	1.18±0.036	0.33 (0.25–0.42)***^,¶,+,§	0.20 (0.12–0.29)***		0.21 (0.12–0.29)***	0.21 (0.13–0.29)***
FEV₁ AUC_12–24 at week 26	1.11±0.038	0.30 (0.21–0.38)***^{,§§,ƒƒ,###}	0.20 (0.11–0.28)***		0.20 (0.12–0.28)***	0.21 (0.13–0.29)***
FEV₁ AUC_0–24 at week 26	1.15±0.036	0.32 (0.24–0.40)***^,¶,+,§	0.20 (0.12–0.28)***		0.20 (0.12–0.28)***	0.21 (0.13–0.29)***
FEV₁ 2 h post-dose week 26	1.19±0.039	0.40 (0.31–0.49)***^,¶,+,§	0.23 (0.14–0.32)***		0.25 (0.16–0.34)***	0.24 (0.15–0.33)***

Data are presented as least squares mean±se or least squares mean (95% CI). One-sided adjusted p-values are presented for comparisons in the statistical gatekeeping procedure and two-sided p-values are presented for all other comparisons. FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; AUC_0–4,_0–12,_12–24,_0–24: area under the curve from 0 to 4 h, 0 to 12 h, 12–24 h and 0–24 h, respectively. ^#: imputed with last observation carried forward. ***: p<0.001 versus placebo. Other symbols denote where significant treatment differences (not shown) occur: ^¶: p<0.001 versus indacaterol; ⁺: p<0.001 versus glycopyrronium; ^§: p<0.001 versus tiotropium; ^ƒ: p = 0.013 versus glycopyrronium and tiotropium; ^##: p = 0.010 versus tiotropium; ^¶¶: p = 0.043 versus glycopyrronium; ⁺⁺: p = 0.026 versus tiotropium; ^§§: p = 0.004 versus indacaterol; ^ƒƒ: p = 0.004 versus glycopyrronium; ^###: p = 0.009 versus tiotropium.