First author [ref.] | Year | Bacteria tested | Iron chelators | Culture model employed | Outcomes |
Aguila [102] | 2001 | S. aureus (clinical and laboratory isolates); MRSA | Lactoferrin | Broth cultures in iron depleted minimal media or normal human serum | Lactoferrin was bacteriostatic against most clinical and laboratory strains, including many antibiotic-resistant strains |
Percival [100] | 2005 | S. aureus; S. epidermidis; P. aeruginosa; MRSA; E. coli; K. pneumoniae | EDTA | Silicon tubing, central venous catheter model | Exposure of catheter-related biofilm to EDTA for 25 h inhibited biofilm growth of all bacterial species |
Kim [103] | 2009 | S. aureus; S. epidermidis; S. saprophyticus | DFO Deferiprone | Broth culture in minimal media | DFO promoted the growth of some species (especially S. aureus) Deferiprone inihibited the growth of all species tested |
Al-Azemi [101] | 2011 | S. aureus# | EDTA DFO | Coverslip static biofilm | EDTA impaired biofilm growth DFO at low concentration (100 μM) stimulated biofilm growth DFO concentrations >1 mM inhibited growth EDTA and DFO displayed synergistic antibiofilm effects |
S. aureus: Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA: methicillin-resistant S. aureus; S. epidermidis: Staphylococcus epidermidis; P. aeruginosa: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; E. coli: Escherichia coli; K. pneumoniae: Klebsiella pneumoniae; S. saprophyticus: Staphylococcus saprophyticus; DFO: desferrioxamine B. #: Panton–Valentine leukocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-sensitive S. aureus.