| MDR-TB only | MDR-TB+INJr | MDR-TB+FQr | XDR-TB | |||||
| Cases# n | Adjusted OR (95% CI)¶ | Cases# n | Adjusted OR (95% CI)¶ | Cases# n | Adjusted OR (95% CI)¶ | Cases# n | Adjusted OR (95% CI)¶ | |
| First-line drugs | ||||||||
| Pyrazinamide | 2480 | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 474 | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 171 | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 174 | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) |
| Ethambutol | 1794 | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 271 | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 94 | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 93 | 1.8 (0.9–3.5) |
| Injectable drugs+ | ||||||||
| Amikacin or kanamycin | 2250 | 153 | 135 | 85 | ||||
| versus no injectable drug | 1.9 (1.1–3.1) | 2.0 (0.7–5.4) | 0.8 (0.1–5.6) | 2.0 (0.5–8.7) | ||||
| versus capreomycin | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | 1.8 (0.9–3.6) | 1.1 (0.2–5.9) | 1.2 (0.3–5.3) | ||||
| versus streptomycin | 1.4 (0.9–2.3) | 2.4 (1.1–5.0) | 1.1 (0.3–4.3) | 1.7 (0.3–7.9) | ||||
| Capreomycin only | 204 | 435 | 34 | 109 | ||||
| versus no injectable drug | 2.2 (1.1–4.2) | 0.9 (0.2–4.1) | 2.5 (0.9–7.0) | |||||
| versus streptomycin | 1.4 (0.6–3.3) | 0.8 (0.2–3.9) | 1.4 (0.1–14) | |||||
| Fluoroquinolones§ | ||||||||
| Ofloxacin | 2956 | 787 | 197 | 227 | ||||
| versus no fluoroquinolone | 2.9 (1.7–4.9) | 2.8 (0.9–8.6) | 1.1 (0.5–2.4) | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | ||||
| versus ciprofloxacin | 1.2 (0.5–3.2) | 1.8 (0.1–23) | 1.0 (0.1–19) | 0.2 (0.1–3.6) | ||||
| Group 4 drugs | ||||||||
| Ethionamide or protionamide | 2973 | 2.2 (1.5–3.2) | 689 | 1.6 (1.0–2.4) | 258 | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 253 | 1.0 (0.5–2.1) |
| Cycloserine or terizidone | 2007 | 1.8 (1.4–2.2) | 822 | 1.7 (0.8–3.9) | 292 | 0.9 (0.3–3.0) | 284 | 1.3 (0.5–3.6) |
| p-aminosalicylic acid | 1396 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 614 | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 219 | 1.1 (0.6–2.3) | 228 | 1.3 (0.6–3.1) |
| Group 5 drugsƒ | ||||||||
| Any one group 5 drug versus none | 561 | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 323 | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 84 | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) | 95 | 1.1 (0.4–2.9) |
| Two or more group 5 drugs versus one | 135 | 0.5 (0.2–0.9) | 111 | 0.6 (0.3–1.5) | 55 | 0.8 (0.3–1.8) | 58 | 1.2 (0.5–3.3) |
MDR-TB: multidrug-resistant TB (resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin); MDR-TB only: MDR-TB, but susceptible to fluoroquinolones, amikacin/kanamycin and capreomycin (at least one second-line injectable drug tested); MDR-TB+INJr: MDR-TB plus resistance to amikacin/kanamycin and/or capreomycin, but susceptible to fluoroquinolones; MDR-TB+FQr: MDR-TB plus resistance to any fluoroquinolone, but susceptible to amikacin/kanamycin and/or capreomycin (at least one second-line injectable drug tested); XDR-TB: extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB plus resistance to any fluoroquinolone and any second-line injectable drug (amikacin/kanamycin and/or capreomycin)). #: number of cases that received the drug in question and were included in the specific analysis. ¶: odds ratios of treatment success (cure and completion) versus treatment failure/relapse/death adjusted for age, sex, HIV infection, previous TB treatment, previous MDR treatment (treatment for >1 month with two or more second-line drugs) and extent of disease. If there were <50 observations no estimate was derived. See Methods and [17] for treatment outcome definitions. +: patients receiving two or more injectable drugs were excluded from this analysis. §: patients receiving two or more fluoroquinolones were excluded from this analysis. Insufficient numbers of patients received later-generation fluoroquinolones (including gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and sparfloxacin) within the MDR-TB patient groups with additional resistance, so were not analysed. ƒ: insufficient numbers of patients received specific group 5 drugs within the MDR-TB patient groups with additional resistance, so outcomes by individual group 5 drugs were not analysed. Group 5 drugs included amoxicillin/clavulanate, macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin), clofazimine, thiacetazone, imipenem, linezolid, high-dose isoniazid and thioridazine. Statistical significance is represented by bold type.