| Group | Difference within group# | Difference between groups# | |||||
| Week 0 | Week 12 | ||||||
| TCG | CG | TCG | CG | TCG | CG | ||
| ISWT m | 349±136 | 402±179 | 388±135 | 386±169 | 39±34 | -16±39 | 55 (31–80) |
| ESWT s | 467±276 | 442±334 | 803±364 | 430±383 | 336±297 | -12±181 | 348 (186–510) |
| ESWT dyspnoea at isotime (0–10) | 5±3 | 4±2 | 3±2 | 4±2 | -2±2 | -0.6±2 | -1 (-3–0.1) |
| ESWT RPE at isotime (0–10) | 4±3 | 3±2 | 2±2 | 3±2 | -2±2 | -0.3±2 | -1 (-3– -0.2) |
| MPPB score | 2.16±0.4 | 2.35±0.5 | 2.31±0.5 | 2.25±0.5 | 0.15±0.1 | -0.1±0.2 | -0.25 (-0.3– -0.2) |
| Side by side stand | |||||||
| Anterior–posterior sway mm | 23.2±12 | 21.7±7 | 18.4±7 | 23.2±8 | -4.8±7 | 1.4±4 | -6.3 (-10– -2) |
| Medial–lateral sway mm | 30.3±13 | 25.6±12 | 17.6±7 | 26.4±12 | -12.6±11 | 0.8±9 | -13.4 (-20– -7) |
| Semi-tandem stand | |||||||
| Anterior–posterior sway mm | 29.0±10 | 24.6±13 | 21.8±6 | 28.7±17 | -7.2±11 | -0.2±12 | -7 (-14–0.4) |
| Medial–lateral sway mm | 38.6±18 | 29.1±12 | 25.8±10 | 32.6±12 | -12.8±16 | -0.4±10 | -12.4 (-21– -3) |
| Functional reach cm | 30.1±8 | 29.4±8 | 34.7±7 | 28.7±8 | 5±4 | -0.8±5 | 5.4 (3–8) |
| Right quadriceps strength N | 119±51 | 143±50 | 136±54 | 136±47 | 17±18 | -7±10 | 24 (14.5–33.5) |
| Left quadriceps strength N | 123±46 | 153±50 | 139±50 | 151±46 | 16±21 | -2±14 | 17.8 (6–29) |
Data are presented as mean±sd or mean difference (95% CI). n=19 for all groups. TCG: t’ai chi group; CG: control group; ISWT: incremental shuttle walk test; ESWT: endurance shuttle walk test; RPE: rate of perceived exertion; MPPB: modified physical performance battery test. There was no significant difference between the groups at baseline in all outcome measures. #: week 12 minus week 0.