Table 1– Clinical characteristics of patients with or without acute lung injury (ALI)

Clinical characteristics	Other patients^#	Patients with ALI and mechanical ventilation	p-value^¶
Patients n (%)	13284 (88.4)	1738 (11.6)
Mortality	33.0	48.3	<0.001
Patient location at sepsis diagnosis
Emergency department	54.3	38.1	<0.001
Ward	34.5	37.2
ICU	11.2	24.7
Source of infection
Pneumonia	41.5	66.7	<0.001
Abdominal	21.1	21.4	0.830
UTI	22.4	8.7	<0.001
Skin	6.2	3.2	<0.001
Bone	1.3	0.9	0.158
Wound	4.0	2.4	0.001
Catheter	4.2	2.8	0.004
Meningitis	1.6	1.4	0.512
Endocarditis	1.1	1.1	0.926
Device	1.1	1.0	0.572
Other infection	13.5	6.2	<0.001
Lactate variables
Obtained on admission	83.9	76.4	<0.001
Elevated	24.9	22.0	0.009
Lactate mmol·L⁻¹	2.8 (1.6–4.6)	2.6 (1.5–4.5)	0.016⁺
Lactate >2 mmol·L⁻¹ in <6 h	48.1	38.9	<0.001
Lactate >4 mmol·L⁻¹ in <6 h	22.5	18.6	<0.001
Shock attributable to lactate only	5.9	1.7	<0.001
Lactate >2 mmol·L⁻¹ at any time	55.1	46.1	<0.001
Lactate >4 mmol·L⁻¹ at any time	25.5	21.2	<0.001
Baseline acute organ dysfunction
Cardiovascular	85.4	87.3	0.035
Pulmonary	21.8	100.00	<0.001
Renal	37.9	51.3	<0.001
Hepatic	9.4	16.5	<0.001
Haematological	24.2	37.5	<0.001

Data are presented as % or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. ICU: intensive care unit; UTI: urinary tract infection. ^#: patients with no ALI and no mechanical ventilation, ALI and no mechanical ventilation, and mechanical ventilation and no ALI; ^¶: Pearson’s Chi-squared test; ⁺: Wilcoxon rank-sum test.