Table 4– Underlying mechanisms of airflow limitation observed on computed tomography and probability of response to therapy
Mechanism#Response to therapy
Bronchial distortionNo
Peribronchovascular thickeningYes
Intrinsic bronchial stenosisVariable
Extrinsic bronchial compression by lymphadenopathyYes
Air-trappingVariable

  • #: these mechanisms are usually admixed; : when lymph nodes are not calcified.