Table 4– Association between the “Health conscious” versus “Western” dietary pattern and respiratory tract infections
Dietary pattern#Respiratory tract infections
1–3 times≥4 times
Univariate model RR (95 % CI)Multivariate model 1 aRR (95% CI)Multivariate model 2 aRR (95% CI)+Univariate model RR (95% CI)Multivariate model 1 aRR (95% CI)Multivariate model 2 aRR (95 % CI)+
Year 2
 Health conscious dietary pattern
  Low adherenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
  Moderate adherence0.87 (0.66–1.15)0.87 (0.66–1.15)0.85 (0.64–1.13)0.71 (0.75–1.25)0.95 (0.73–1.23)0.92 (0.71–1.19)
  High adherence1.03 (0.77–1.37)1.00 (0.75–1.34)0.97 (0.71–1.32)0.90 (0.66–1.23)0.86 (0.62–1.19)0.78 (0.56–1.09)
 Western dietary pattern
  Low adherenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
  Moderate adherence0.98 (0.74–1.29)0.99 (0.75–1.30)0.97 (0.73–1.28)0.92 (0.71–1.19)0.89 (0.69–1.16)0.87 (0.67–1.13)
  High adherence1.04 (0.79–1.37)1.04 (0.78–1.38)0.99 (0.73–1.36)1.11 (0.86–1.43)1.01 (0.78–1.32)0.93 (0.70–1.24)
Year 3
 Health conscious dietary pattern
  Low adherenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
  Moderate adherence1.17 (0.87–1.58)1.16 (0.86–1.57)1.17 (0.87–1.58)1.07 (0.79–1.46)1.08 (0.79–1.48)1.08 (0.79–1.48)
  High adherence1.22 (0.89–1.66)1.18 (0.85–1.65)1.22 (0.87–1.69)1.14 (0.81–1.61)1.13 (0.80–1.60)1.12 (0.78–1.61)
 Western dietary pattern
  Low adherenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
  Moderate adherence1.03 (0.78–1.37)1.02 (0.77–1.35)1.02 (0.77–1.36)0.94 (0.69–1.29)0.91 (0.67–1.25)0.91 (0.66–1.26)
  High adherence1.05 (0.66–1.67)1.01 (0.69–1.49)1.03 (0.66–1.60)1.29 (0.92–1.79)1.12 (0.79–1.59)1.12 (0.79–1.59)
Year 4
 Health conscious dietary pattern
  Low adherenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
  Moderate adherence0.91 (0.68–1.21)0.90 (0.67–1.21)0.88 (0.65–1.17)1.08 (0.75–1.55)1.07 (0.72–1.59)1.03 (0.69–1.55)
  High adherence0.85 (0.62–1.17)0.83 (0.60–1.13)0.77 (0.55–1.06)1.09 (0.76–1.57)1.02 (0.70–1.50)0.92 (0.61–1.39)
 Western dietary pattern
  Low adherenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
  Moderate adherence1.12 (0.84–1.50)1.13 (0.85–1.50)1.12 (0.84–1.49)1.01 (0.70–1.46)1.01 (0.69–1.47)1.00 (0.68–1.45)
  High adherence1.36 (0.85–2.17)1.35 (0.90–2.03)1.32 (0.86–2.03)1.83 (1.28–2.61)1.54 (1.08–2.19)1.46 (1.00–2.13)

  • Data are presented as relative risk (RR) (95% CI) or adjusted (a)RR (95% CI). RRs are compared with low adherence to the dietary pattern. #: n=2,173. : adjusted for maternal age, for maternal socioeconomic status, smoking during pregnancy, parental history of atopy, multiple parities, standard deviation score birthweight, sex, breastfeeding, vitamin D supplementation at 6–12 months, daycare attendance in the first 2 yrs of life, and history of cow's milk allergy in the first year. +: adjusted for multivariate model 1 + total energy intake. Entries in bold are statistically significant.