Samples | Samples n | 1) Gold standard: MTC-positive culture or clinical diagnosis of TB | 2) Gold standard: MTC-positive culture | ||||||
Sensitivity % | Specificity % | Positive LR | Negative LR | Sensitivity % | Specificity % | Positive LR | Negative LR | ||
Biopsy specimens | |||||||||
All | 368 | 88.3 (82–95) | 100 | ∞ | 0.1 | 86.6 (79–94) | 95.5 | 19.1 | 0.1 |
Adults | 267 | 84.7 (76–93) | 100 | ∞ | 0.1 | 82.5 (73–92) | 95.6 | 18.7 | 0.2 |
Children | 101 | 100 (100–100) | 100 | ∞ | 0.0 | 100 (100–100) | 96.3 | 27.3 | 0.0 |
Pleural fluid | |||||||||
All | 330 | 44.4 (21–67) | 100 | ∞ | 0.6 | 33.3 (9–57) | 99.0 | 35.2 | 0.7 |
Adults | 292 | 33.3 (9–57) | 100 | ∞ | 0.7 | 16.7 (0–38) | 98.9 | 15.5 | 0.8 |
Children | 38 | 100 (100–100) | 100 | ∞ | 0.0 | 100 (100–100) | 100 | ∞ | 0.0 |
Gastric aspirate | |||||||||
All | 224 | 78.7 (68–89) | 100 | ∞ | 0.2 | 77.6 (67–88) | 97.6 | 32.4 | 0.2 |
Adults | 50 | 66.7 (36–97) | 100 | ∞ | 0.3 | 62.5 (29–96) | 97.7 | 26.9 | 0.4 |
Children | 174 | 81 (70–91) | 100 | ∞ | 0.2 | 80 (69–91) | 97.6 | 33.1 | 0.2 |
Pus | |||||||||
All | 195 | 87.3 (78–96) | 100 | ∞ | 0.1 | 85.1 (75–95) | 94.6 | 15.7 | 0.2 |
Adults | 86 | 81.6 (69–94) | 100 | ∞ | 0.2 | 76.7 (61–92) | 85.7 | 5.4 | 0.3 |
Children | 109 | 100 (100–100) | 100 | ∞ | 0.0 | 100 (100–100) | 100 | ∞ | 0.0 |
CSF | |||||||||
All | 133 | 85.7 (67–104) | 99.1 | 102.0 | 0.1 | 84.6 (65–104) | 98.3 | 50.8 | 0.1 |
Adults | 86 | 100 (100–100) | 100 | ∞ | 0.0 | 100 (100–100) | 98.8 | 81.0 | 0.0 |
Children | 47 | 75.0 (45–105) | 97.4 | 29.2 | 0.3 | 75.0 (45–105) | 97.4 | 29.2 | 0.3 |
Urine | |||||||||
All | 130 | 87.5 (71–104) | 99.1 | 99.7 | 0.1 | 84.6 (65–104) | 96.6 | 24.7 | 0.2 |
Adults | 112 | 92.3 (78–106) | 99.0 | 91.4 | 0.1 | 90 (71–109) | 96.1 | 22.9 | 0.1 |
Children | 18 | 66.7 (13–120) | 100 | ∞ | 0.3 | 66.7 (13–120) | 100 | ∞ | 0.3 |
Cavitary fluids | |||||||||
All | 94 | 50 (19–81) | 100 | ∞ | 0.5 | 50 (19–81) | 100 | ∞ | 0.5 |
Adults | 87 | 50 (15–85) | 100 | ∞ | 0.5 | 50 (15–85) | 100 | ∞ | 0.5 |
Children | 7 | 50 (0–119) | 100 | ∞ | 0.5 | 50 (0–119) | 100 | ∞ | 0.5 |
Total | |||||||||
All | 1474 | 81.3 (77–86) | 99.8 | 490.5 | 0.2 | 79.0 (74–84) | 97.3 | 28.8 | 0.2 |
Adults | 980 | 77.6 (71–84) | 99.9 | 636.6 | 0.2 | 73.5 (66–81) | 96.9 | 23.9 | 0.3 |
Children | 494 | 86.9 (80–93) | 99.7 | 335.5 | 0.1 | 86.3 (80–93) | 98.2 | 48.3 | 0.1 |
Smear positive | 127 | 99.0 (97–101) | 95.8 | 23.8 | 0.0 | 99.0 (97–101) | 74.2 | 3.8 | 0.0 |
Smear negative | 1347 | 70.3 (63–77) | 99.9 | 831.0 | 0.3 | 65.5 (58–73) | 97.9 | 31.6 | 0.3 |
95% confidence intervals are presented in parentheses. MTC: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; TB: tuberculosis; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid. #: in the evaluation versus the gold standard including the culture only, two samples from patients lacking of a confident diagnosis (2) (one smear-positive biopsy from an adult and one smear-negative gastric aspirate from a child) were included in the analysis.