Table 4– Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) predicting subjective sleepiness by sex and age from longitudinal models using subjects who were observed to change sleepiness status between visits

Subjective sleepiness	Age yrs	SDB^# versus no SDB
Subjective sleepiness	Age yrs	Males^¶	Females⁺
ESS ≥10	40	3.4 (1.2–9.7)^§	1.4 (0.3–5.7)^ƒ
ESS ≥10	60	1.1 (0.6–1.8)^§	1.5 (0.8–3.0)^ƒ

Data are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval), unless otherwise stated. ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale. ^#: defined as an apnoea/hypopnoea index ≥15 events·h⁻¹ or self-reported continuous positive airway pressure use and adjusted for comorbidities, depressive symptoms and body mass index. ^¶: n=266. ⁺: n=211. ^§: in males, the odds ratio (OR) for SDB predicting ESS ≥10 as a function of age can be expressed as: OR=e ( α+β×(age in yrs-30)), where α (the estimated SDB-ESS ≥10 OR at age 30 yrs) is 1.8 (95% CI 0.34–3.3) and β (the coefficient for the SDB-age interaction term in males) is estimated to be -0.058 (95% CI -0.11– -0.011). ^ƒ: in females, the OR for SDB predicting ESS ≥10 is e ( α+β×(age in yrs-30)), where α=0.26 (95% CI -1.8–2.4) and β=0.005 (95% CI -0.069–0.078).