| Characteristics | XDR-TB | MDR-TB | Non-MDR-TB | MDR-/XDR-TB versus non-MDR-TB | XDR-TB versus MDR-TB | ||
| OR# (95% CI) | p-value | OR# (95% CI) | p-value | ||||
| Patients n | 28 | 729 | 7833 | ||||
| Males | 20 (71.4) | 540 (74.1) | 5596 (71.4) | 1.01 (0.83–1.24) | 0.89 | 1.24 (0.44–3.66) | 0.69 |
| Age yrs | |||||||
| <30 | 4 (14.3) | 140 (19.2) | 1178 (15.0) | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.71 |
| 30–39 | 9 (32.1) | 175 (24.0) | 1584 (20.2) | 0.76 (0.59–0.98) | 2.22 (0.62–7.94) | ||
| 40–49 | 7 (25.0) | 192 (26.3) | 2084 (26.6) | 0.62 (0.48–0.81) | 1.59 (0.40–6.29) | ||
| 50–59 | 4 (14.3) | 144 (19.8) | 1434 (18.3) | 0.67 (0.51–0.88) | 1.13 (0.25–5.07) | ||
| ≥60 | 4 (14.3) | 78 (10.7) | 1553 (19.8) | 0.44 (0.32–0.61) | 1.59 (0.31–8.30) | ||
| Urban living | 19 (67.9) | 478 (65.6) | 4473 (57.1) | 1.46 (1.23–1.73) | <0.001 | 1.24 (0.53–2.91) | 0.62 |
| Contact with TB | 5 (17.9) | 67 (9.2) | 405 (5.2) | 1.73 (1.30–2.29) | <0.001 | 2.32 (0.80–6.73) | 0.12 |
| Smoking | 18 (64.3) | 536 (73.5) | 5085 (64.9) | 0.94 (0.75–1.17) | 0.56 | 0.61 (0.22–1.70) | 0.34 |
| Alcohol use | |||||||
| None | 4 (14.3) | 91 (12.5) | 1572 (20.1) | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.66 |
| Sometimes | 10 (35.7) | 257 (35.3) | 3274 (41.8) | 1.27 (0.96–1.68) | 1.07 (0.28–4.10) | ||
| Often | 11 (39.3) | 333 (45.7) | 2775 (35.4) | 1.96 (1.44–2.66) | 1.18 (0.26–5.35) | ||
| Alcoholic | 3 (10.7) | 48 (6.6) | 212 (2.7) | 3.34 (2.15–5.20) | 2.65 (0.39–18.0) | ||
| Drug abuse | 0 (0.0) | 18 (2.5) | 39 (0.5) | 1.77 (0.89–3.54) | 0.11 | ||
| Homelessness | 1 (3.6) | 44 (6.0) | 190 (2.4) | 1.31 (0.89–1.92) | 0.25 | 0.48 (0.06–4.06) | 0.50 |
| Unemployment¶ | 21 (75) | 567 (77.8) | 5889 (75.2) | 1.21 (0.99–1.49) | 0.07 | 0.95 (0.34–2.65) | 0.92 |
| Education | |||||||
| Less than primary+ | 3 (10.7) | 48 (6.6) | 961 (12.3) | 1.00 | 0.07 | 1.00 | 0.65 |
| Primary+/secondary§ | 17 (60.7) | 519 (71.2) | 5263 (67.2) | 1.10 (0.77–1.55) | 0.53 (0.11–2.58) | ||
| Tertiaryƒ | 8 (28.6) | 162 (22.2) | 1609 (20.5) | 1.37 (0.94–1.99) | 0.72 (0.13–3.91) | ||
| Comorbidity | 0 (0.0) | 12 (1.6) | 136 (1.7) | 0.91 (0.48–1.72) | 0.77 | ||
| TB type | |||||||
| Pulmonary | 27 (96.4) | 682 (93.6) | 7116 (90.8) | 1.00 | 0.011 | ||
| Extrapulmonary | 0 (0.0) | 12 (1.6) | 333 (4.3) | 0.40 (0.22–0.74) | |||
| Both | 1 (3.6) | 35 (4.8) | 384 (4.9) | 0.84 (0.57–1.22) | |||
| Smear positivity | 18 (64.3) | 540 (74.1) | 5732 (73.2) | 0.82 (0.68–1.00) | 0.046 | 0.59 (0.25–1.41) | 0.24 |
| Cavity | 19 (67.9) | 494 (67.8) | 4857 (62.0) | 1.06 (0.92–1.32) | 0.31 | 1.24 (0.52–2.98) | 0.62 |
| Strain family | |||||||
| Non-Beijing | 3 (10.7) | 76 (10.4) | 269 (3.4) | ||||
| Beijing | 6 (21.4) | 49 (6.7) | 47 (0.6) | 1.24 (0.44–3.66) | 0.69 | ||
| Unknown | 19 (67.9) | 604 (82.9) | 7517 (96.0) | ||||
Data are presented as n (%), unless otherwise stated. XDR: extensively drug-resistant; MDR: multidrug-resistant. Non-MDR-TB includes drug-sensitive, and mono- and polyresistant TB. #: results of multivariate analysis; ¶: cases with any known employment are the reference group; +: primary school education; §: high school education; ƒ: college or university education.