TY - JOUR T1 - Mycobacterial diseases developed during anti-tumour necrosis factor-α therapy JF - European Respiratory Journal JO - Eur Respir J SP - 1289 LP - 1295 DO - 10.1183/09031936.00063514 VL - 44 IS - 5 AU - Jung-Wan Yoo AU - Kyung-Wook Jo AU - Bo-Hyung Kang AU - Mi Young Kim AU - Bin Yoo AU - Chang-Keun Lee AU - Yong-Gil Kim AU - Suk-Kyun Yang AU - Jeong-Sik Byeon AU - Kyung-Jo Kim AU - Byong Duk Ye AU - Tae Sun Shim Y1 - 2014/11/01 UR - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/44/5/1289.abstract N2 - Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease and tuberculosis (TB) develop during anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapy. We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes between the two diseases. A total of 1165 patients were screened for TB and treated with TNF-α antagonists from July 2004 to July 2013 for the following conditions: inflammatory bowel disease (n = 422), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 320), and ankylosing spondylitis (n = 389). TB and NTM disease were diagnosed at baseline screening in four and three patients, respectively, and developed during anti-TNF-α therapy in 19 and six patients, respectively. The incidence rate of TB and NTM disease was 747.7 per 100 000 and 238.2 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. Patients with NTM disease were older, with a greater proportion of females. All cases of NTM disease involved the lung, with rheumatoid arthritis (83.3%) being the most frequent underlying disease. The most common radiological feature was consolidation in NTM disease, and honeycombing was present in two rheumatoid arthritis patients with NTM disease. The most common pathogen was Mycobacterium intracellulare (n = 3) followed by Mycobacterium avium (n = 2). Both the NTM and TB group showed favourable outcomes. The clinical characteristics differed between NTM disease and TB that developed on anti-TNF-α agents, but clinical outcomes were favourable in both diseases. Clinical characteristics differ between nontuberculous mycobacterial disease and TB that develop on anti-TNF-α agents http://ow.ly/xSQ0o ER -