@article {MotianiP2808, author = {P.D. Motiani and Sivaresmi Unnithan}, title = {The incidence of MDR-TB in new and retreatment cases of HIV and pulmonary tuberculosis co-infection}, volume = {42}, number = {Suppl 57}, elocation-id = {P2808}, year = {2013}, publisher = {European Respiratory Society}, abstract = {MDR TB has become a posing threat to the control of TB along with the scourge of HIV.The proportion of new MDR-TB ranges from 0\%- 28.3\% globally, in fact in more than 10 countries it is around 12\%.The primary MDR-TB in India is 2-3\%.This study was done on 43 HIV positive patients diagnosed with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in our institute, Jodhpur.Their sputum samples were sent to the IRL in Ajmer for mycobacterial culture and Drug Sensitivity for 4 drugs- H,R,S and E.7 out of the30 males were truck drivers and all the females in this study were housewives!22/30 males are migrants.The default rate in this study is 25.58\%. 4/11 [36.36\%] of the defaulters turned out to be MDRTB.Out of the 43 patients in the study, 51.16\% are fresh cases.Of the rest 48.84\%, 26\% are defaulters, 8\% are failure cases and 16\% are relapse cases.In this study, 81.4\% [35/43]were sputum positive and 18.6\% [8/43] were sputum negative, though 5 of these 8 smear negative patients yielded results when cultured.The mean CD4 count was 116/cumm.12 cases were MDR.Of these 12, 5 were New TB cases [PRIMARY DRUG RESISTANCE is 11.63\% (5/43)]\& 7 Retreatment cases [ACQUIRED DRUG RESISTANCE is 16.29\%].This increased incidence of primary drug resistance may be attributed to many factors- delayed diagnosis,prolonged infectiousness in HIV patients,drug toxicity and interactions,socio-behavioural and physiological reasons,misuse of ATT and primary transmission of the MDR TB bacillus. Overall association between MDR-TB and HIV or acquired MDR-TB and HIV could not be demonstrated,but the results suggest that HIV infection is associated with primary MDR-TB.R:Is HIV Infection a Risk Factor for MDR TB?Sujit Suchindran et al May2009.}, issn = {0903-1936}, URL = {https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/42/Suppl_57/P2808}, eprint = {https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/42/Suppl_57/P2808.full.pdf}, journal = {European Respiratory Journal} }