PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - C. Mascaux AU - J. F. Laes AU - G. Anthoine AU - A. Haller AU - V. Ninane AU - A. Burny AU - J. P. Sculier TI - Evolution of microRNA expression during human bronchial squamous carcinogenesis AID - 10.1183/09031936.00084108 DP - 2009 Feb 01 TA - European Respiratory Journal PG - 352--359 VI - 33 IP - 2 4099 - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/33/2/352.short 4100 - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/33/2/352.full SO - Eur Respir J2009 Feb 01; 33 AB - MicroRNAs, negative post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, are involved in cancer. Their role in early bronchial carcinogenesis was analysed in 60 biopsies obtained by fluorescence bronchoscopy (six per stage: normal tissue of nonsmokers, normal normofluorescent and hypofluorescent bronchial tissue of smokers, hyperplasia, metaplasia, mild, moderate and severe dysplasia, in situ carcinoma and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC)). In total, 69 microRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in the course of bronchial carcinogenesis. Among them, some microRNAs showed a linear evolution of their expression level, such as miR-32 and miR-34c, whose expression progressively decreased from normal bronchial tissues of nonsmokers to SQCC. Others behaved differently at successive stages, such as miR-142-3p or miR-9, or are only altered from a specific stage, such as miR-199a or miR-139. MicroRNAs globally followed a two-step evolution, first decreasing (a reverse of their increase during embryogenesis) during the earliest morphological modifications of bronchial epithelium, and thereafter increasing at later stages of lung carcinogenesis. Moreover, microRNA expression was very efficient for the prediction of the histological classification between low- and high-grade lesions and between in situ and invasive carcinoma. The present data show, for the first time, that microRNAs are involved in bronchial carcinogenesis from the very early steps of this process and, thus, could provide tools for early detection of lung cancer.