RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Tobacco use in relation to COPD and asthma JF European Respiratory Journal JO Eur Respir J FD European Respiratory Society SP 438 OP 445 DO 10.1183/09031936.00124506 VO 29 IS 3 A1 M. N. Hylkema A1 P. J. Sterk A1 W. I. de Boer A1 D. S. Postma YR 2007 UL http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/29/3/438.abstract AB Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. Hundreds of millions of individuals still smoke, affecting their health as well as that of their peers, family and offspring. Smoking is a well-established prime risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hampers the response to treatment in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In the present paper, new concepts are discussed with respect to pathology, treatment, smoking cessation and tobacco control. Recommendations for future directions are given.