PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Lea Lenglart
AU  - Naim Ouldali
AU  - Kate Honeyford
AU  - Zsolt Bognar
AU  - Silvia Bressan
AU  - Danilo Buonsenso
AU  - Liviana Da Dalt
AU  - Tisham De
AU  - Ruth Farrugia
AU  - Ian K. Maconochie
AU  - Henriette A. Moll
AU  - Rianne Oostenbrink
AU  - Niccolo Parri
AU  - Damian Roland
AU  - Katy Rose
AU  - Esra Akyüz Özkan
AU  - François Angoulvant
AU  - Camille Aupiais
AU  - Clarissa Barber
AU  - Michael Barrett
AU  - Romain Basmaci
AU  - Susana Castanhinha
AU  - Antonio Chiaretti
AU  - Sheena Durnin
AU  - Patrick Fitzpatrick
AU  - Laszlo Fodor
AU  - Borja Gomez
AU  - Susanne Greber-Platzer
AU  - Romain Guedj
AU  - Florian Hey
AU  - Lina Jankauskaite
AU  - Daniela Kohlfuerst
AU  - Ines Mascarenhas
AU  - Anna Maria Musolino
AU  - Zanda Pučuka
AU  - Sofia Reis
AU  - Alexis Rybak
AU  - Petra Salamon
AU  - Matthias Schaffert
AU  - Keren Shahar-Nissan
AU  - Maria Chiara Supino
AU  - Ozlem Teksam
AU  - Caner Turan
AU  - Roberto Velasco
AU  - Ruud G. Nijman
AU  - Luigi Titomanlio
AU  - the EPISODES Study Group
TI  - Respective roles of non-pharmaceutical interventions in bronchiolitis outbreaks: an interrupted time-series analysis based on a multinational surveillance system
AID  - 10.1183/13993003.01172-2022
DP  - 2023 Feb 01
TA  - European Respiratory Journal
PG  - 2201172
VI  - 61
IP  - 2
4099  - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/61/2/2201172.short
4100  - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/61/2/2201172.full
SO  - Eur Respir J2023 Feb 01; 61
AB  - Background Bronchiolitis is a major source of morbimortality among young children worldwide. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented to reduce the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may have had an important impact on bronchiolitis outbreaks, as well as major societal consequences. Discriminating between their respective impacts would help define optimal public health strategies against bronchiolitis. We aimed to assess the respective impact of each NPI on bronchiolitis outbreaks in 14 European countries.Methods We conducted a quasi-experimental interrupted time-series analysis based on a multicentre international study. All children diagnosed with bronchiolitis presenting to the paediatric emergency department of one of 27 centres from January 2018 to March 2021 were included. We assessed the association between each NPI and change in the bronchiolitis trend over time by seasonally adjusted multivariable quasi-Poisson regression modelling.Results In total, 42 916 children were included. We observed an overall cumulative 78% (95% CI −100– −54%; p<0.0001) reduction in bronchiolitis cases following NPI implementation. The decrease varied between countries from −97% (95% CI −100– −47%; p=0.0005) to −36% (95% CI −79–7%; p=0.105). Full lockdown (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.21 (95% CI 0.14–0.30); p<0.001), secondary school closure (IRR 0.33 (95% CI 0.20–0.52); p<0.0001), wearing a mask indoors (IRR 0.49 (95% CI 0.25–0.94); p=0.034) and teleworking (IRR 0.55 (95% CI 0.31–0.97); p=0.038) were independently associated with reducing bronchiolitis.Conclusions Several NPIs were associated with a reduction of bronchiolitis outbreaks, including full lockdown, school closure, teleworking and facial masking. Some of these public health interventions may be considered to further reduce the global burden of bronchiolitis.Among the various non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented against SARS-CoV-2 in Europe, full lockdown, school closure, facial masking and teleworking were preventive measures associated with a reduction in the number of bronchiolitis cases https://bit.ly/3SyqqYS