TY - JOUR T1 - Diarrhoea in Systemic Sclerosis Patients as a Nocebo Effect of Nintedanib JF - European Respiratory Journal JO - Eur Respir J DO - 10.1183/13993003.03021-2020 SP - 2003021 AU - Vasiliki-Kalliopi Bournia AU - Oliver Distler AU - Evrydiki Kravvariti AU - Dimos Mitsikostas AU - Petros P. Sfikakis Y1 - 2020/01/01 UR - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/2020/11/26/13993003.03021-2020.abstract N2 - Nocebo effects, the opposite of placebo effects, are defined as unfavourable changes in a patient's symptoms or condition occurring due to negative anticipation and possibly leading to suboptimal outcomes via treatment discontinuation or non-adherence [1]. Symptoms most commonly associated with nocebo in both dedicated neurobiological research and randomised controlled trial (RCT) settings are non-specific complains such as pain, malaise, dizziness, or gastrointestinal upset [2]. Despite evidence highlighting the implications of placebo and nocebo effects on daily practice and RCT design and interpretation, determining their true frequency and intensity remains a challenge [1, 2].FootnotesThis manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the European Respiratory Journal. It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article.Conflict of interest: Dr. Bournia reports grants from Boehringer-Ingelheim, grants from Glaxo Smith Klein, outside the submitted work.Conflict of interest: Dr. Distler reports personal fees from Abbvie, personal fees from Acceleron Pharma, personal fees from Amgen, personal fees from AnaMar, grants and personal fees from Bayer, grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees from Catenion, personal fees from Drug Development International Ltd, personal fees from CSL Behring, personal fees from ChemomAb, personal fees from GSK, personal fees from Horizon (Curzion) Pharmaceuticals, personal fees from Inventiva, personal fees from Italfarmaco, personal fees from iQvia, personal fees from Lilly, personal fees from Medac, personal fees from Medscape, grants and personal fees from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, personal fees from MSD, personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Pfizer, personal fees from Roche, personal fees from Sanofi, personal fees from Serodapharm, personal fees from Target Bio Science, personal fees from UCB, outside the submitted work; In addition, Dr. Distler has a patent US8247389, EP2331143 issued.Conflict of interest: Dr. Kravvariti has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Dr. Mitsikostas has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Dr. Sfikakis reports grants and personal fees from Actelion, grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, outside the submitted work. ER -