RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Successful Pseudomonas aeruginosa eradication improves outcomes after lung transplantation: a retrospective cohort analysis JF European Respiratory Journal JO Eur Respir J FD European Respiratory Society SP 2001720 DO 10.1183/13993003.01720-2020 VO 56 IS 4 A1 Benedicte De Muynck A1 Anke Van Herck A1 Annelore Sacreas A1 Tobias Heigl A1 Janne Kaes A1 Arno Vanstapel A1 Stijn E. Verleden A1 Arne P. Neyrinck A1 Laurens J. Ceulemans A1 Dirk E. Van Raemdonck A1 Katrien Lagrou A1 Bart M. Vanaudenaerde A1 Geert M. Verleden A1 Robin Vos A1 , YR 2020 UL http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/56/4/2001720.abstract AB Long-term survival after lung transplantation (LTx) is hampered by development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an established risk factor for CLAD. Therefore, we investigated the effect of P. aeruginosa eradication on CLAD-free and graft survival.Patients who underwent first LTx between July, 1991, and February, 2016, and were free from CLAD, were retrospectively classified according to P. aeruginosa presence in respiratory samples between September, 2011, and September, 2016. P. aeruginosa-positive patients were subsequently stratified according to success of P. aeruginosa eradication following targeted antibiotic treatment. CLAD-free and graft survival were compared between P. aeruginosa-positive and P. aeruginosa-negative patients; and between patients with or without successful P. aeruginosa eradication. In addition, pulmonary function was assessed during the first year following P. aeruginosa isolation in both groups.CLAD-free survival of P. aeruginosa-negative patients (n=443) was longer compared with P. aeruginosa-positive patients (n=95) (p=0.045). Graft survival of P. aeruginosa-negative patients (n=443, 82%) was better compared with P. aeruginosa-positive patients (n=95, 18%) (p<0.0001). Similarly, P. aeruginosa-eradicated patients demonstrated longer CLAD-free and graft survival compared with patients with persistent P. aeruginosa. Pulmonary function was higher in successfully P. aeruginosa-eradicated patients compared with unsuccessfully eradicated patients (p=0.035).P. aeruginosa eradication after LTx improves CLAD-free and graft survival and maintains pulmonary function. Therefore, early P. aeruginosa detection and eradication should be pursued.Presence of P. aeruginosa in respiratory samples after lung transplantation is associated with worse outcomes. Successful eradication improves outcomes and pulmonary function. Therefore, early treatment of P. aeruginosa should be pursued. https://bit.ly/2XuDPG2