@article {Esmail1901957, author = {Hanif Esmail and Frank Cobelens and Delia Goletti}, title = {Transcriptional biomarkers for predicting development of TB: progress and clinical considerations}, elocation-id = {1901957}, year = {2020}, doi = {10.1183/13993003.01957-2019}, publisher = {European Respiratory Society}, abstract = {Achieving the ambitious targets for global tuberculosis (TB) control, will require an increased emphasis on preventing development of active disease in those with latent TB infection (LTBI) by preventative treatment or vaccination [1]. New shortened regimens of 1{\textendash}3 months duration potentially allow much wider and more effective use of preventive therapy [2, 3]. A significant barrier is the limited ability to reliably identify those at high risk of disease progression, leading to high numbers needed to treat (NNT) to prevent a case of TB [4]. Hence, there is an interest in developing new diagnostic tests that better predict TB disease to allow more targeted preventive treatment and lower NNT [5]. These are often referred to as tests for incipient TB, stemming from the notion that TB prediction with low NNT most likely reflects detection of an early inflammatory response to multiplying M. tuberculosis (Mtb) [6].FootnotesThis manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the European Respiratory Journal. It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article.Conflict of interest: Dr. Esmail has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Dr. Cobelens has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Dr. GOLETTI reports grants and personal fees from QUIDEL, personal fees from QIAGEN, personal fees from JANSSEN, personal fees from DIASORIN, outside the submitted work.}, issn = {0903-1936}, URL = {https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/2020/01/03/13993003.01957-2019}, eprint = {https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/2020/01/03/13993003.01957-2019.full.pdf}, journal = {European Respiratory Journal} }