TY - JOUR T1 - Discrepancies in reported <em>versus</em> measured nicotine content of e-cigarette refill liquids across 9 European Countries before and after the implementation of the EU Tobacco Products Directive JF - European Respiratory Journal JO - Eur Respir J DO - 10.1183/13993003.00941-2019 SP - 1900941 AU - Charis Girvalaki AU - Manolis Tzatzarakis AU - Alexander Vardavas AU - Christina Kyriakos AU - Katerina Nikitara AU - Polychronis Stivaktakis AU - Aristidis Tsatsakis AU - Constantine Vardavas Y1 - 2019/01/01 UR - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/2019/10/31/13993003.00941-2019.abstract N2 - During the past years, the e-cigarette market across European countries has grown extensively [1, 2], as 15% of Europeans reported having tried e-cigarettes, representing a 7.0% increase since 2012 [3]. E-cigarettes are regulated across the 28 European Union Member States (EU MS) [3] under Article 20 of the Tobacco Products Directive (TPD), a legislative document whos aim is to regulate the internal European market and to harmonise the safety and quality of e-cigarette products through design specifications, including but not limited to the volume of the refill container, nicotine content, the existence of child-resistant refill containers amongst other parameters.FootnotesThis manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the European Respiratory Journal. It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article.Conflict of interest: Dr. Girvalaki has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Dr. Tzatzarakis has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Dr. Vardavas has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Dr. Kyriakos has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Dr. Nikitara has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Dr. Stivaktakis has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Dr. Tsatsakis has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Dr. Vardavas has nothing to disclose. ER -