TY - JOUR T1 - Extrafine triple therapy in patients with symptomatic COPD and history of one moderate exacerbation JF - European Respiratory Journal JO - Eur Respir J DO - 10.1183/13993003.00235-2019 SP - 1900235 AU - Dave Singh AU - Leonardo M. Fabbri AU - Massimo Corradi AU - George Georges AU - Alessandro Guasconi AU - Stefano Vezzoli AU - Stefano Petruzzelli AU - Alberto Papi Y1 - 2019/01/01 UR - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/2019/02/13/13993003.00235-2019.abstract N2 - In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exacerbation history is the strongest predictor of future exacerbation risk [1, 2]. Large cohort studies have shown that patients with one exacerbation in the previous year have an approximately two-fold increased future exacerbation risk compared to patients with no exacerbations, the risk increasing to five-fold in those with two or more exacerbations [1, 2]. Most clinical trials of pharmacological treatments designed to prevent exacerbations have therefore used the inclusion criterion of at least one exacerbation in the previous year, with a minority requiring at least two exacerbations [3–6].FootnotesThis manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the European Respiratory Journal. It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article.Conflict of interest: Dr. Singh reports personal fees from Chiesi, during the conduct of the study; grants and personal fees from Almirall, grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingleheim, grants and personal fees from Chiesi, grants and personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline, grants and personal fees from Glenmark, grants and personal fees from Johnson and Johnson, grants and personal fees from Merck, grants and personal fees from NAPP, grants and personal fees from Novartis, grants and personal fees from Pfizer, grants and personal fees from Takeda, grants and personal fees from Teva, grants and personal fees from Theravance, grants and personal fees from Verona, personal fees from Genentech, personal fees from Skeypharma, outside the submitted work.Conflict of interest: Dr. Fabbri reports personal fees and non-financial support from AstraZeneca, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Chiesi, personal fees and non-financial support from GSK, personal fees and non-financial support from Novartis, personal fees and non-financial support from Menarini, personal fees and non-financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees and non-financial support from Zambon, personal fees and non-financial support from Pearl Therapeutics, non-financial support from Dompe, outside the submitted work.Conflict of interest: Dr. Corradi reports grants and personal fees from Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, outside the submitted work.Conflict of interest: Dr. Georges reports other from Chiesi USA, Inc., during the conduct of the study; other from Chiesi USA, Inc., outside the submitted work.Conflict of interest: Dr. Guasconi reports other from Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, during the conduct of the study; other from Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, outside the submitted work.Conflict of interest: Dr. Vezzoli reports and Employed by Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, the sponsor of the studies.Conflict of interest: Dr. Petruzzelli reports and Employed by Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, the sponsor of the studies.Conflict of interest: Dr. Papi reports grants, personal fees, non-financial support and other from Chiesi, grants, personal fees, non-financial support and other from AstraZeneca, grants, personal fees, non-financial support and other from GlaxoSmithKline, grants, personal fees, non-financial support and other from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees and non-financial support from Menarini, personal fees and non-financial support from Novartis, personal fees and non-financial support from Zambon, grants, personal fees, non-financial support and other from Mundipharma, grants, personal fees, non-financial support and other from TEVA, grants from Sanofi, outside the submitted work. ER -