TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the airway microbiome in nontuberculous mycobacteria disease JF - European Respiratory Journal JO - Eur Respir J DO - 10.1183/13993003.00810-2018 VL - 52 IS - 4 SP - 1800810 AU - Imran Sulaiman AU - Benjamin G. Wu AU - Yonghua Li AU - Adrienne S. Scott AU - Patrick Malecha AU - Benjamin Scaglione AU - Jing Wang AU - Ashwin Basavaraj AU - Samuel Chung AU - Katrina Bantis AU - Joseph Carpenito AU - Jose C. Clemente AU - Nan Shen AU - Jamie Bessich AU - Samaan Rafeq AU - Gaetene Michaud AU - Jessica Donington AU - Charissa Naidoo AU - Grant Theron AU - Gail Schattner AU - Suzette Garofano AU - Rany Condos AU - David Kamelhar AU - Doreen Addrizzo-Harris AU - Leopoldo N. Segal Y1 - 2018/10/01 UR - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/52/4/1800810.abstract N2 - Aspiration is associated with nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease and airway dysbiosis is associated with increased inflammation. We examined whether NTM disease was associated with a distinct airway microbiota and immune profile.297 oral wash and induced sputum samples were collected from 106 participants with respiratory symptoms and imaging abnormalities compatible with NTM. Lower airway samples were obtained in 20 participants undergoing bronchoscopy. 16S rRNA gene and nested mycobacteriome sequencing approaches characterised microbiota composition. In addition, inflammatory profiles of lower airway samples were examined.The prevalence of NTM+ cultures was 58%. Few changes were noted in microbiota characteristics or composition in oral wash and sputum samples among groups. Among NTM+ samples, 27% of the lower airway samples were enriched with Mycobacterium. A mycobacteriome approach identified Mycobacterium in a greater percentage of samples, including some nonpathogenic strains. In NTM+ lower airway samples, taxa identified as oral commensals were associated with increased inflammatory biomarkers.The 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach is not sensitive in identifying NTM among airway samples that are culture-positive. However, associations between lower airway inflammation and microbiota signatures suggest a potential role for these microbes in the inflammatory process in NTM disease.16S rRNA gene sequencing is not sensitive to detect Mycobacterium but identifies microbiota signatures associated with inflammation http://ow.ly/opXm30ldtQH ER -