PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Falzon, Dennis AU - Schünemann, Holger J. AU - Harausz, Elizabeth AU - González-Angulo, Licé AU - Lienhardt, Christian AU - Jaramillo, Ernesto AU - Weyer, Karin TI - World Health Organization treatment guidelines for drug-resistant tuberculosis, 2016 update AID - 10.1183/13993003.02308-2016 DP - 2017 Mar 01 TA - European Respiratory Journal PG - 1602308 VI - 49 IP - 3 4099 - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/49/3/1602308.short 4100 - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/49/3/1602308.full SO - Eur Respir J2017 Mar 01; 49 AB - Antimicrobial resistance is a major global concern. Tuberculosis (TB) strains resistant to rifampicin and other TB medicines challenge patient survival and public health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has published treatment guidelines for drug-resistant TB since 1997 and last updated them in 2016 based on reviews of aggregated and individual patient data from published and unpublished studies. An international expert panel formulated recommendations following the GRADE approach. The new WHO guidelines recommend a standardised 9–12 months shorter treatment regimen as first choice in patients with multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) strains not resistant to fluoroquinolones or second-line injectable agents; resistance to these two classes of core second-line medicines is rapidly detectable with molecular diagnostics also approved by WHO in 2016. The composition of longer regimens for patients ineligible for the shorter regimen was modified. A first-ever meta-analysis of individual paediatric patient data allowed treatment recommendations for childhood MDR/RR-TB to be made. Delamanid is now also recommended in patients aged 6–17 years. Partial lung resection is a recommended option in MDR/RR-TB care. The 2016 revision highlighted the continued shortage of high-quality evidence and implementation research, and reiterated the need for clinical trials and best-practice studies to improve MDR/RR-TB patient treatment outcomes and strengthen policy.The latest WHO recommendations for the treatment of multidrug- and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) http://ow.ly/Lj5K307XZ7h