PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Lida Gharibvand
AU  - Synnove Knutsen
AU  - Raymond Knutsen
AU  - Mark Ghamsary
AU  - W. Lawrence Beeson
AU  - Samuel Soret
TI  - The association between adenocarcinoma subtype of lung cancer in non-smokers and ambient particulate air pollution: Results from the AHSMOG-2 study
AID  - 10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.PA2797
DP  - 2016 Sep 01
TA  - European Respiratory Journal
PG  - PA2797
VI  - 48
IP  - suppl 60
4099  - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/48/suppl_60/PA2797.short
4100  - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/48/suppl_60/PA2797.full
SO  - Eur Respir J2016 Sep 01; 48
AB  - Background: The most common lung cancer among non-smokers is adenocarcinoma (AC). Most studies find an increased risk of lung AC associated with particulate air pollution but few studies have assessed the association among non-smokers.Objectives: To assess the association between ambient PM2.5 and risk of lung AC, in single and two-pollutant models with ozone (O3) using the Adventist Health and Smog Study-2 (AHSMOG-2), a cohort study where 80% are never smokers.Methods: A total of 79,950 AHSMOG-2 non-smoking subjects were followed for an average of 7.7 years with respect to incident lung AC identified through U.S. state cancer registries. Ambient air pollution levels at subjects' residence was estimated for the years 2000 and 2001, immediately prior to study start.Results: A total of 164 incident AC of the lung occurred during 615,826 person-years of follow-up. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident AC of the lung for each increment of 10 µg/m3 in PM2.5 was 1.46 (0.99, 2.15) in single-pollutant and 1.45 (0.98, 2.16) in two-pollutant models with 24-hour ozone (O3). A significant interaction (p=0.0159) was observed between PM2.5 and prevalent non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Excluding those with prevalent NMSC from the analysis, strengthened the association between PM2.5 and AC (HR=1.74, 95% CI,1.10, 2.77) in the two-pollutant model.Conclusions: Increasing levels of ambient PM2.5 are associated with increasing incidence of AC of the lung. Non-melanoma skin cancer modifies the effect of ambient PM2.5 and excluding prevalent NMSC strengthened the HR.