PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Haileyesus Getahun AU - Alberto Matteelli AU - Ibrahim Abubakar AU - Mohamed Abdel Aziz AU - Annabel Baddeley AU - Draurio Barreira AU - Saskia Den Boon AU - Susana Marta Borroto Gutierrez AU - Judith Bruchfeld AU - Erlina Burhan AU - Solange Cavalcante AU - Rolando Cedillos AU - Richard Chaisson AU - Cynthia Bin-Eng Chee AU - Lucy Chesire AU - Elizabeth Corbett AU - Masoud Dara AU - Justin Denholm AU - Gerard de Vries AU - Dennis Falzon AU - Nathan Ford AU - Margaret Gale-Rowe AU - Chris Gilpin AU - Enrico Girardi AU - Un-Yeong Go AU - Darshini Govindasamy AU - Alison D. Grant AU - Malgorzata Grzemska AU - Ross Harris AU - C. Robert Horsburgh, Jr. AU - Asker Ismayilov AU - Ernesto Jaramillo AU - Sandra Kik AU - Katharina Kranzer AU - Christian Lienhardt AU - Philip LoBue AU - Knut Lönnroth AU - Guy Marks AU - Dick Menzies AU - Giovanni Battista Migliori AU - Davide Mosca AU - Ya Diul Mukadi AU - Alwyn Mwinga AU - Lisa Nelson AU - Nobuyuki Nishikiori AU - Anouk Oordt-Speets AU - Molebogeng Xheedha Rangaka AU - Andreas Reis AU - Lisa Rotz AU - Andreas Sandgren AU - Monica Sañé Schepisi AU - Holger J. Schünemann AU - Surender Kumar Sharma AU - Giovanni Sotgiu AU - Helen R. Stagg AU - Timothy R. Sterling AU - Tamara Tayeb AU - Mukund Uplekar AU - Marieke J. van der Werf AU - Wim Vandevelde AU - Femke van Kessel AU - Anna van't Hoog AU - Jay K. Varma AU - Natalia Vezhnina AU - Constantia Voniatis AU - Marije Vonk Noordegraaf-Schouten AU - Diana Weil AU - Karin Weyer AU - Robert John Wilkinson AU - Takashi Yoshiyama AU - Jean Pierre Zellweger AU - Mario Raviglione TI - Management of latent <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> infection: WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries AID - 10.1183/13993003.01245-2015 DP - 2015 Sep 24 TA - European Respiratory Journal PG - ERJ-01245-2015 4099 - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/2015/09/24/13993003.01245-2015.short 4100 - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/2015/09/24/13993003.01245-2015.full AB - Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is characterised by the presence of immune responses to previously acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without clinical evidence of active tuberculosis (TB). Here we report evidence-based guidelines from the World Health Organization for a public health approach to the management of LTBI in high risk individuals in countries with high or middle upper income and TB incidence of &lt;100 per 100 000 per year. The guidelines strongly recommend systematic testing and treatment of LTBI in people living with HIV, adult and child contacts of pulmonary TB cases, patients initiating anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment, patients receiving dialysis, patients preparing for organ or haematological transplantation, and patients with silicosis. In prisoners, healthcare workers, immigrants from high TB burden countries, homeless persons and illicit drug users, systematic testing and treatment of LTBI is conditionally recommended, according to TB epidemiology and resource availability. Either commercial interferon-gamma release assays or Mantoux tuberculin skin testing could be used to test for LTBI. Chest radiography should be performed before LTBI treatment to rule out active TB disease. Recommended treatment regimens for LTBI include: 6 or 9 month isoniazid; 12 week rifapentine plus isoniazid; 3–4 month isoniazid plus rifampicin; or 3–4 month rifampicin alone.Guidelines on LTBI for low TB incidence countries – essential element of the @WHO #EndTB strategy and TB elimination http://ow.ly/RW8xn