RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Nitrogen dioxide and mortality: review and meta-analysis of long-term studies
JF European Respiratory Journal
JO Eur Respir J
FD European Respiratory Society
SP erj01147-2013
DO 10.1183/09031936.00114713
A1 Faustini, Annunziata
A1 Rapp, Regula
A1 Forastiere, Francesco
YR 2014
UL https://publications.ersnet.org//content/early/2014/02/20/09031936.00114713.abstract
AB Exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has been linked to increased mortality in several epidemiological studies but the question remains of whether NO2 is directly responsible for the health effects or is only an indicator of other pollutants, including particulate matter. The aim of the present review was to provide pooled estimates of the long-term effects of NO2 on mortality, which are potentially useful for health impact assessment. We selected 23 papers, published from 2004 to 2013, evaluating the relationship between NO2 and mortality, also including an assessment of the effect of particulate matter exposure. A random-effects meta-analysis was carried out on 19 studies. The pooled effect on mortality was 1.04 (95% CI 1.02–1.06) with an increase of 10 μg·m−3 in the annual NO2 concentration and 1.05 (95% CI 1.01–1.09) for particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) (10 μg·m−3). The effect on cardiovascular mortality was 1.13 (95% CI 1.09–1.18) for NO2 and 1.20 (95% CI 1.09–1.31) for PM2.5. The NO2 effect on respiratory mortality was 1.03 (95% CI 1.02–1.03) and 1.05 (95% CI 1.01–1.09) for PM2.5. Four bipollutant analyses with particulate matter and NO2 in the same models showed minimal changes in the effect estimates of NO2. There is evidence of a long-term effect of NO2 on mortality as great as that of PM2.5. An independent effect of NO2 emerged from multipollutant models. Any health impact assessment overlooking NO2 would neglect some adverse effects of today’s air pollution mixture http://ow.ly/sPKsR