TY - JOUR T1 - Smoking-related idiopathic interstitial pneumonia JF - European Respiratory Journal JO - Eur Respir J DO - 10.1183/09031936.00166813 SP - erj01668-2013 AU - Kevin R. Flaherty AU - Charlene Fell AU - Marie-Christine Aubry AU - Kevin Brown AU - Thomas Colby AU - Ulrich Costabel AU - Teri J. Franks AU - Barry H. Gross AU - David M. Hansell AU - Ella Kazerooni AU - Dong Soon Kim AU - Talmadge E. King, Jr AU - Masanori Kitachi AU - David Lynch AU - Jeff Myers AU - Sonoko Nagai AU - Andrew G. Nicholson AU - Venerino Poletti AU - Ganesh Raghu AU - Moises Selman AU - Galen Toews AU - William Travis AU - Athol U. Wells AU - Athol U. Wells AU - Robert Vassallo AU - Fernando J. Martinez Y1 - 2014/01/01 UR - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/2014/07/25/09031936.00166813.abstract N2 - Cigarette smoking is a key factor in the development of numerous pulmonary diseases. An international group of clinicians, radiologists and pathologists evaluated patients with previously identified idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) to determine unique features of cigarette smoking. Phase 1 (derivation group) identified smoking-related features in patients with a history of smoking (n = 41). Phase 2 (validation group) determined if these features correctly predicted the smoking status of IIP patients (n = 100) to participants blinded to smoking history. Finally, the investigators sought to determine if a new smoking-related interstitial lung disease phenotype could be defined. Phase 1 suggested that preserved forced vital capacity with disproportionately reduced diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, and various radiographic and histopathological findings were smoking-related features. In phase 2, the kappa coefficient among clinicians was 0.16 (95% CI 0.11–0.21), among the pathologists 0.36 (95% CI 0.32–0.40) and among the radiologists 0.43 (95% CI 0.35–0.52) for smoking-related features. Eight of the 100 cases were felt to represent a potential smoking-related interstitial lung disease. Smoking-related features of interstitial lung disease were identified in a minority of smokers and were not specific for smoking. This study is limited by its retrospective design, the potential for recall bias in smoking history and lack of information on second-hand smoke exposure. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between smoking and interstitial lung disease. Associations between smoking and ILD are largely nonspecific, but a small group may have smoking-related ILD http://ow.ly/wExAf ER -