1. Given the relative risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection of 1.73 associated with smoking, the estimated proportion of global
TB
cases attributable to smoking is: |
3%.
13%.
23%.
33%.
|
2. Which of the following statements is true? |
The lifetime risk of progressing to active TB in an HIV-infected individual is 10%.
Smoking has conclusively been shown to increase the risk of developing TB but not bacterial pneumonia.
Smoking has conclusively been shown to increase the risk of bacterial pneumonia but not pneumocystis pneumonia.
Smoking has conclusively been shown to increase the risk of TB, bacterial pneumonia and pneumocystis pneumonia.
|
3. Which of the following statements is false? |
In the developing world, biomass fuel exposure and respiratory infections are important risk factors for COPD.
Post-tuberculous and HIV-associated COPD respond to standard COPD therapy.
The causal immunological link between smoking and TB has not been established.
The associations between smoking, TB and HIV are confounded by poverty and alcoholism.
|
4. Which of the following statements is true? |
Because of increasing awareness of the hazards of smoking and fear of litigation, the prevalence of worldwide cigarette smoking
is progressively declining.
Because of industrialisation, urban air pollution is responsible for more cases of COPD in the developed world compared with
middle- and low-income countries.
Approximately half of the world�s population burn solid fuels for cooking and heating purposes.
After trauma and cardiovascular disease, TB is the third most preventable cause of death in the world today.
|
5. Which of the following statements is false? |
30% of the world population is thought to be latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Nicotine enhances intracellular replication of organisms such as Legionella.
Bacterial pneumonia is the leading cause of death in people living with HIV.
Anti-retroviral medication reduces the risk of respiratory infections in HIV-infected individuals.
|