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Maternal smoking during pregnancy affects adult onset of asthma in offspring: a follow up from birth to age 46 years

Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Annika T. Luukkainen, Baizhuang Xu, Jussi Lampi, Juha Auvinen, Kishor Dhaygude, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Juha Pekkanen
European Respiratory Journal 2020; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01857-2019
Sanna Toppila-Salmi
1Medicum, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
2Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
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  • For correspondence: sanna.salmi@helsinki.fi
Annika T. Luukkainen
1Medicum, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Baizhuang Xu
3Environment Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
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Jussi Lampi
3Environment Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
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Juha Auvinen
4Center for Life Course Health Research, Oulu, Finland
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Kishor Dhaygude
1Medicum, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
4Center for Life Course Health Research, Oulu, Finland
5Imperial College London (IC), UK
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Juha Pekkanen
3Environment Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
6Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract

Rationale Environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETS) increases asthma risk in children. There is limited knowledge of prenatal ETS for adult onset asthma.

Objectives To determine the association between prenatal ETS and adult onset asthma.

Measurements and main results Questionnaire and clinical data of 5200 people, free of physician-diagnosed asthma by the age 31 years, of Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study was used. The association of maternal smoking during the last three months of pregnancy with onset of physician-diagnosed asthma and with lung function in adult offspring were studied by adjusted multivariate regression analyses. The cumulative incidence of physician-diagnosed asthma between the ages of 31 and 46 years was 5.1% among men and 8.8% among women. Gestational smoke exposure was associated with adult onset asthma among the offspring (adjusted odds ratio 1.54, 95% confidence interval 1.04–2.29), namely among offspring who reported either past non-diagnosed asthma (odds ratio 9.63, 95% confidence interval 2.28–40.67), or past cough with wheeze (3.21, 95% CI 1.71–6.05). Significant association was detected between gestational smoke exposure and offspring's FEV1/FVC ratio at 31 years of age. In offspring with the haplotype rs11702779-AA of RUNX1 gestational smoke exposure was associated with adult onset asthma (5.53, 95% CI 2.11–14.52, adjusted p for interaction 0.10).

Conclusions Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with the cumulative incidence of asthma in offspring between 31 and 46 years. The association was accentuated in offspring who reported at age 31 as having past respiratory problemsand/or, who had haplotype rs11702779-AA. Also a reduction in FEV1/FVC ratio was observed at age 31 years in offspring with gestational smoke exposure. These results could reflect early vulnerability of offspring's airways to ETS and its putative long-term effects.

Footnotes

This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the European Respiratory Journal. It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Toppila-Salmi reports other from Mylan Laboratories Ltd, other from ERT Ltd, other from Roche Products Ltd, outside the submitted work.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Luukkainen has nothing to disclose.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Xu has nothing to disclose.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Lampi has nothing to disclose.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Auvinen has nothing to disclose.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Dhaygude has nothing to disclose.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Järvelin has nothing to disclose.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Pekkanen has nothing to disclose.

This is a PDF-only article. Please click on the PDF link above to read it.

  • Received September 20, 2019.
  • Accepted March 4, 2020.
  • Copyright ©ERS 2020
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Maternal smoking during pregnancy affects adult onset of asthma in offspring: a follow up from birth to age 46 years
Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Annika T. Luukkainen, Baizhuang Xu, Jussi Lampi, Juha Auvinen, Kishor Dhaygude, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Juha Pekkanen
European Respiratory Journal Jan 2020, 1901857; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01857-2019

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Maternal smoking during pregnancy affects adult onset of asthma in offspring: a follow up from birth to age 46 years
Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Annika T. Luukkainen, Baizhuang Xu, Jussi Lampi, Juha Auvinen, Kishor Dhaygude, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Juha Pekkanen
European Respiratory Journal Jan 2020, 1901857; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01857-2019
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