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The effect of HIV-associated tuberculosis, tuberculosis-IRIS, and prednisone on lung function

Cari Stek, Brian Allwood, Elsa Du Bruyn, Jozefien Buyze, Charlotte Schutz, Friedrich Thienemann, Adele Lombard, Robert J. Wilkinson, Graeme Meintjes, Lutgarde Lynen
European Respiratory Journal 2019; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01692-2019
Cari Stek
1Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
2Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
3Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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  • For correspondence: cari_stek@hotmail.com
Brian Allwood
4Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Elsa Du Bruyn
2Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
3Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Jozefien Buyze
1Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Charlotte Schutz
2Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
3Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Friedrich Thienemann
2Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
3Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Adele Lombard
4Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Robert J. Wilkinson
2Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
3Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
5Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
6The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Graeme Meintjes
2Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
3Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Lutgarde Lynen
1Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Abstract

Residual pulmonary impairment is common after treatment for tuberculosis. Lung function data in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis are scarce, especially in the context of paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) and prophylactic prednisone. We aimed to determine the prevalence of lung function abnormalities in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis and CD4 counts≤100 cells·μL−1 and assess the effect of prophylactic prednisone and the development of paradoxical TB-IRIS on pulmonary impairment.

We performed spirometry, six-minute walk test, and chest radiography at baseline (week 0), week 4, 12, and 28 in participants of the PredART trial, which evaluated a 28-day course of prednisone to prevent TB-IRIS in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis commencing antiretroviral therapy.

153 participants underwent spirometry and/or six-minute walk test at one or more time points. Abnormal spirometry measurements were present in 66% of participants at week 0 and 50% at week 28; low forced vital capacity was the commonest abnormality. Chest radiographs showed little or no abnormalities in the majority of participants.

Prednisone use resulted in a 42 meters greater six-minute walk distance and a 4.9% higher percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s at week 4; these differences were no longer significantly different from week 12 onwards. TB-IRIS did not significantly impair lung function outcome.

Residual pulmonary impairment is common in HIV-associated tuberculosis. In patients with low CD4 counts, neither prophylactic prednisone as used in our study nor the development of TB-IRIS significantly affected week 28 pulmonary outcome.

Footnotes

This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the European Respiratory Journal. It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Stek has nothing to disclose.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Allwood has nothing to disclose.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Du Bruyn has nothing to disclose.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Buyze has nothing to disclose.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Schutz has nothing to disclose.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Thienemann has nothing to disclose.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Lombard has nothing to disclose.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Wilkinson reports grants from Wellcome, grants from UK research and Innovation, grants from National Institutes of Health, grants from Foundation for the National Institues of Health, grants from European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, during the conduct of the study.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Meintjes has nothing to disclose.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Lynen has nothing to disclose.

This is a PDF-only article. Please click on the PDF link above to read it.

  • Received August 26, 2019.
  • Accepted November 29, 2019.
  • Copyright ©ERS 2019
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The effect of HIV-associated tuberculosis, tuberculosis-IRIS, and prednisone on lung function
Cari Stek, Brian Allwood, Elsa Du Bruyn, Jozefien Buyze, Charlotte Schutz, Friedrich Thienemann, Adele Lombard, Robert J. Wilkinson, Graeme Meintjes, Lutgarde Lynen
European Respiratory Journal Jan 2019, 1901692; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01692-2019

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The effect of HIV-associated tuberculosis, tuberculosis-IRIS, and prednisone on lung function
Cari Stek, Brian Allwood, Elsa Du Bruyn, Jozefien Buyze, Charlotte Schutz, Friedrich Thienemann, Adele Lombard, Robert J. Wilkinson, Graeme Meintjes, Lutgarde Lynen
European Respiratory Journal Jan 2019, 1901692; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01692-2019
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