Abstract
To study regional lung function by standard CT and characterize regional variations of density and specific gas volume (SVg) between different lung volumes, we studied 10 healthy and 10 severe emphysematous subjects. Correspondent CT images taken at high and low lung volumes were registered by optical flow to obtain 2-D maps of pixel-by-pixel differences of density (ΔHU) and SVg (ΔSVg) at slice levels near the aortic arch, carina and top diaphragm.
In healthy subjects, ΔHU was higher at all levels (p<0.001) with higher variability expressed as interquartile range (p<0.001) largely due to its differences between dorsal and ventral regions. In patients, median ΔSVg values were 3.2 times lower than healthy volunteers (p<0.001), while heterogeneity of ΔSVg maps, expressed as quartile coefficient of variation, was 5.4 times higher (p<0.001). In all patients there were areas with negative values of ΔSVg.
In conclusion, ΔSVg is uniform in healthy lungs and minimally influenced by gravity. The significant ΔSVg heterogeneity observed in emphysema allows to identify areas of alveolar destruction and gas trapping and suggests that ΔSVg maps provide useful information for evaluation and planning of emerging treatments that target trapped gas for removal.
- ERS
