Learning of self-administered Active Cycle of Breathing Technique in patients with nCFb

Abstract

Background: Non-Cystic Fibrosis bronchiectasis (nCFb) is a progressive pulmonary disease characterized by a vicious cycle of airway infection, inflammation and impaired mucociliary clearance. Active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) may decrease frequency of infections preventing further airway damage. Consists of three steps (breathing control - thoracic expansion exercises - forced expiratory technique/huffing).

Aims: Objectives were to assess ACBT learning method by the patients.

Materials and methods: Prospective cohort study between 2018-2021 with 39 nCFb patients included. Intervention program of 5 group sessions: ACBT was trained and optimised and written information was given for guiding patient at-home. Evaluations: 2 weeks(T1) and 3 months(T2). At T1/T2 was accessed ACBT knowledge through a 28 steps checklist. Statistical analyses performed with SPSS, p-value<0.05.

Results: 20 females, mean age 56 years. 79% of patients completed the program, 77% reassessed at 3 months. 81% of patients at T1 and 57% at T2 presented a good knowledge(0-2 errors). Profound inspiration was the step with more errors at T1 and forced expiration at T2. Patient satisfaction on the program was accessed through a 0-10 points scale and ACBT number of practices in a week was inquired at T2. At T2 57% of patients claimed to practice ACBT frequently, 43% practiced it daily and 14% practiced 3-6 times a week. Patients showed a high satisfaction(mean score of 8).

Conclusion: Most patients learned ACBT and maintained knowledge for 3 months, reinforcing that ACBT is an easy learning home-based method and an effective tool, mostly when access to health care facilities is limited. Education reinforcements may be necessary.