Extract
Air pollution is ubiquitous and is responsible for noticeable acute and chronic adverse health effects [1]. Heart diseases and stroke are the most common reasons for morbidity and mortality attributable to air pollution, followed by respiratory diseases, but recently other pathologies have been added to the list. Additionally, air pollution contributes to climate change, another threat to public health.
Abstract
Air pollution is responsible for chronic respiratory symptoms and diseases. Efforts to reduce air pollution exposure to protect public health, especially from emissions from both fossil fuel combustion and biomass combustion, are needed urgently. https://bit.ly/3hJtCze
Footnotes
Conflict of interest: I. Annesi-Maesano has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: F. Forastiere has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: J. Balmes is the Physician-Member of the California Air Resources Board, the agency within the California EPA that is responsible for air quality regulation in the state.
Conflict of interest: E. Garcia has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: J. Harkema has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: S. Holgate reports grants from UKRI, during the conduct of the study.
Conflict of interest: F. Kelly has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: H. Khreis has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: B. Hoffmann has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: C.N. Maesano has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: R. McConnell reports grants from NIH, during the conduct of the study.
Conflict of interest: D. Peden has received grant support from NIEHS, EPA and the NSF, but no commercial entity which constitutes a conflict of interest for this manuscript.
Conflict of interest: K. Pinkerton has received research funding from the Phillip Morris Research Management Group from 2003 to 2007, educational funds from the American Thoracic Society to teach a postgraduate course in nanoparticle health effects, and a grant support from the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and the California Tobacco-Related Research Program to conduct research in models of tobacco-induced disease in rodents and non-human primates.
Conflict of interest: T. Schikowski has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: G. Thurston has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: L.S. Van Winkle has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: C. Carlsten has nothing to disclose.
- Received August 6, 2020.
- Accepted November 9, 2020.
- Copyright © ERS 2021.
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