Subjects | 30 | 42 | 41 | |
Female/male | 16/14 | 25/27 | 26/25 | <0.0001 |
Age years | 38.0±12.3 | 39.6±12.2 | 52.3±11.6****,¶¶¶¶ | <0.0001 |
Body mass index kg·m−2 | 21.1±2.7 | 21.6±2.8 | 23.2±3.1¶ | 0.0087 |
Smoking history >10 pack-years | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Age of asthma onset years | | 31.6±13.2 | 41.0±16.2¶ | 0.0523 |
Duration of asthma years | | 7.6±6.8 | 11.8±15.4 | 0.2760 |
Severe asthma | 0 | 9.5 | 48.7 | <0.0001 |
Atopy# | 3.33 | 57.14 | 24.39 | <0.0001 |
Total IgE IU·mL−1 | 46.8±32.7 | 450.4±556.1** | 299.2±718.3 | 0.0128 |
Total IgG g·L−1 | 12.3±2.1 | 14.1±3.7 | 13.0±3.4 | 0.1133 |
Dose of maintenance ICS (BDP) µg·day−1 | | 385.7±159.7 | 629.6±229.0¶¶¶¶ | <0.0001 |
ACT | | 19.5±4.4 | 16.5±4.7¶ | 0.0375 |
FeNO ppb | 18.4±7.2 | 78.6±58.1**** | 29.9±22.3¶¶¶ | <0.0001 |
Parameters of lung function | | | | |
FEV1 L | 3.6±0.7 | 2.6±0.6**** | 2.5±0.7**** | <0.0001 |
FEV1 % pred | 99.8±8.8 | 73.5±13.8**** | 66.5±30.7**** | <0.0001 |
FVC L | 4.0±0.9 | 3.5±0.7 | 3.2±0.8** | 0.0033 |
FVC % pred | 95.7±7.6 | 93.9±14.6 | 88.9±23.1 | 0.0344 |
FEV1/FVC ratio % | 93.2±8.0 | 76.0±11.1**** | 74.9±16.7**** | <0.0001 |
PEF25–75 L·s−1 | 4.2±0.9 | 1.8±0.6**** | 2.2±1.2**** | <0.0001 |
PEF25–75 % pred | 95.8±17.5 | 39.0±16.3**** | 23.6±16.5****,¶¶ | <0.0001 |
Induced sputum | | | | |
Eosinophils % | 0.1±0.3 | 36.0±23.4**** | 1.5±1.9¶¶¶¶ | <0.0001 |
Neutrophils % | 34.9±19.0 | 38.0±18.3 | 90.4±5.0****,¶¶¶¶ | <0.0001 |
Macrophage % | 61.9±19.0 | 24.4±18.4**** | 5.9±5.3****,¶¶¶¶ | <0.0001 |
Lymphocyte % | 2.1±2.1 | 0.9±1.2 | 1.7±1.7 | 0.0514 |
Peripheral blood counts | | | | |
Eosinophils % | 0.1±0.1 | 0.7±1.1* | 0.6±1.3 | 0.0256 |
Neutrophils % | 3.8±1.3 | 4.7±2.1 | 4.9±1.5 | 0.1542 |
Combination of medication | | | | |
LABA | 0 | 76.1 | 85.3 | <0.0001 |
Oral corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | 7.3 | 0.089 |
LTRA | 0 | 23.8 | 14.6 | 0.042 |
Intranasal corticosteroids | 0 | 45.2 | 68.2 | <0.001 |