Subjects | 109 | 76 | |
Male | 29 (26.6) | 18 (23.6) | 0.65 |
Age years | 63 (48–72) | 63 (53.5–70.5) | 0.81 |
Smoking status | | | |
Never | 57 (52.3) | 47 (61.8) | 0.18 |
Former/active | 52 (47.7) | 29 (38.2) |
Body mass index kg·m−2 | 21.8 (19–25) | 21.0 (19–24) | 0.15 |
Radiology | | | |
Reiff score | 4 (3–6) | 4.5 (3–9) | 0.10 |
Disease severity | | | |
BSI | 7 (4–10) | 8 (5–12) | 0.03 |
BSI risk class | | | |
Mild | 34 (31.2) | 16 (21.1) | 0.09 |
Moderate | 40 (36.7) | 24 (31.6) |
Severe | 35 (31.1) | 36 (47.4) |
FACED | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–4) | 0.02 |
FACED risk class | | | |
Mild | 70 (64.2) | 33 (43.4) | 0.02 |
Moderate | 29 (26.6) | 31 (40.8) |
Severe | 10 (9.2) | 12 (15.8) |
Comorbidity | | | |
BACI | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–0) | 0.24 |
History of pneumonia | 73 (67.0) | 47 (61.8) | 0.47 |
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease | 48 (44.0) | 33 (43.4) | 0.93 |
Rhinosinusitis | 43 (35.5) | 25 (32.9) | 0.36 |
Cardiovascular diseases | 33 (30.3) | 27 (35.5) | 0.45 |
Systemic hypertension | 24 (22.0) | 16 (21.1) | 0.88 |
Asthma | 18 (16.5) | 8 (10.5) | 0.25 |
Immunodeficiency | 17 (15.6) | 12 (15.8) | 0.97 |
Osteoporosis | 14 (12.8) | 13 (17.1) | 0.42 |
Nasal polyposis | 14 (12.8) | 10 (13.2) | 0.95 |
Previous neoplastic disease | 12 (11.0) | 14 (18.4) | 0.15 |
COPD | 11 (10.1) | 7 (9.2) | 0.84 |
Depression | 8 (7.3) | 9 (11.8) | 0.30 |
History of tuberculosis infection | 8 (7.3) | 6 (7.9) | 0.89 |
Anxiety | 7 (6.4) | 4 (5.3) | 1.0 |
Diabetes | 5 (4.6) | 1 (1.3) | 0.40 |
Pulmonary hypertension | 4 (3.7) | 3 (4.0) | 1.0 |
Atrial fibrillation | 4 (3.7) | 4 (5.3) | 0.72 |
Other connective tissue disease | 3 (2.8) | 1 (1.3) | 0.65 |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 2 (1.8) | 1 (1.3) | 1.0 |
Stroke | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.3) | 1.0 |
Chronic renal failure | 1 (0.9) | 2 (2.6) | 0.60 |
Aetiology | | | |
Idiopathic | 44 (57.9) | 68 (62.4) | 0.95 |
Primary ciliary dyskinesia | 9 (11.8) | 11 (10.1) |
Immunodeficiency | 9 (11.8) | 14 (12.8) |
Post-infective | 7 (9.2) | 9 (8.3) |
Other# | 7 (9.2) | 7 (6.4) |
Clinical status | | | |
Sputum volume | 10 (5–25) | 25 (7–75) | 0.0003 |
>1 hospitalisation previous year | 10 (12.8) | 14 (19.7) | 0.25 |
Lung function | | | |
FEV1 % pred | 80.6±21.6 | 76.4±27.3 | 0.25 |
FEV1 <50% pred | 6 (5.8) | 14 (19.4) | 0.005 |
Standard microbiology | | | |
Chronic infection | 41 (40.2) | 49 (67.1) | <0.0001 |
Chronic infection P. aeruginosa | 24 (23.5) | 33 (45.2) | 0.003 |
Chronic infection MSSA | 10 (9.8) | 7 (9.6) | 0.96 |
Chronic infection H. influenzae | 11 (10.8) | 4 (5.5) | 0.28 |
Chronic infection S. pneumoniae | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.4) | 1.0 |
Chronic infection MRSA | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.4) | 1.0 |
Chronic infection S. maltophilia | 5 (4.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.08 |
Chronic infection Achromobacter | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.1) | 0.07 |
Other chronic infection | 4 (3.9) | 3 (4.1) | 1.0 |
Chronic infection A. fumigatus | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0 |
Molecular biology | | | |
Real-time PCR for Pseudomonas spp. | 35 (32.1) | 45 (59.2) | <0.0001 |
Pseudomonas spp. copies·mL−1, log10 | 6.9 (5.8–7.5) | 8.0 (7.5–8.3) | <0.0001 |
Real-time PCR for H. influenzae | 40 (36.7) | 16 (21.1) | 0.02 |
H. influenzae copies·mL−1, log10 | 5.0 (4.3–8.5) | 8.4 (4.7–9.0) | 0.16 |
Real-time PCR for S. aureus | 47 (43.1) | 24 (31.6) | 0.11 |
S. aureus copies·mL−1, log10 | 4.6 (3.5–7.6) | 4.0 (3.3–7.2) | 0.36 |
Real-time PCR for S. pneumoniae | 44 (40.4) | 23 (30.3) | 0.16 |
S. pneumoniae copies·mL−1, log10 | 3.6 (3.2–5.5) | 3.3 (2.7–4.7) | 0.13 |