Inhaled corticosteroids and COVID-19: a systematic review and clinical perspective

Potential steps in the development and evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that may be affected beneficially or adversely by inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). 1) Infection with SARS-CoV-2; 2) development of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease; 3) progression of COVID-19. ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome.