Tables
- TABLE 1
Demographics and clinical presentation in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia
Characteristics Total Deceased Survivors p-value Patients 179 21 158 Age years 57.6±13.7 70.2±7.7 56.0±13.5 <0.001 Sex 0.642 Male 97 (54.2) 10 (47.6) 87 (55.1) Female 82 (45.8) 11 (52.4) 71 (44.9) Underlying diseases Hypertension 58 (32.4) 13 (61.9) 45 (28.5) 0.005 Cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases 29 (16.2) 12 (57.1) 17 (10.8) <0.001 Diabetes 33 (18.4) 6 (28.6) 27 (17.1) 0.231 Chronic digestive disorders 21 (11.7) 4 (19.0) 17 (10.8) 0.279 Tuberculosis 8 (4.5) 0 (0) 8 (5.1) 0.599 Chronic hepatic or renal insufficiency 4 (2.2) 2 (9.5) 2 (1.3) 0.068 Peripheral vascular disease 4 (2.2) 2 (9.5) 2 (1.3) 0.068 Malignancy 4 (2.2) 1 (4.8) 3 (1.9) 0.396 Symptoms Fever 177 (98.9) 21 (100) 156 (98.7) 1.000 Dry cough 146 (81.6) 14 (66.7) 132 (83.5) 0.074 Dyspnoea 89 (49.7) 18 (85.7) 71 (44.9) <0.001 Fatigue 71 (39.7) 13 (61.9) 58 (36.7) 0.033 Sputum production 55 (30.7) 12 (57.1) 43 (27.2) 0.010 Gastrointestinal symptoms 39 (21.8) 8 (38.1) 31 (19.6) 0.087 Myalgia 34 (19.0) 7 (33.3) 27 (17.1) 0.083 Headache 17 (9.5) 5 (23.8) 12 (7.6) 0.033 Haemoptysis 10 (5.6) 0 (0) 10 (6.3) 0.609 Systolic blood pressure mmHg NA 122.4±18.6 Diastolic blood pressure mmHg NA 77.9±10.0 Temperature °C 0.156 <37.3 109 (60.9) 16 (76.2) 93 (58.9) ≥37.3 70 (39.1) 5 (23.8) 65 (41.1) Respiratory rate breaths·min−1 20.0 (20.0–21.0) 20.0 (20.0–34.5) 20.0 (20.0–21.0) 0.016 Heart rate beats·min−1 86.0 (78.0–100) 94.0 (78.0–109.5) 85.5 (78.0–99.3) 0.150 Data are presented as n, mean±sd, n (%) or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. NA: not available.
- TABLE 2
Laboratory findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia
Characteristics Total Deceased Survivors p-value Patients 179 21 158 White blood cells ×109 cells·L−1 5.3 (3.9–7.8) 8.9 (4.8–13.1) 5.1 (3.8–7.3) 0.003 Neutrophils ×109 cells·L−1 4.0 (2.7–6.6) 7.7 (3.0–11.5) 3.9 (2.6–6.1) 0.007 Lymphocytes ×109 cells·L−1 0.8 (0.6–1.1) 0.7 (0.5–0.8) 0.8 (0.6–1.1) 0.046 T-cell subsets CD3+CD4+ cells·μL−1 114.3 (62.9–195.3) 68.0 (55.1–148.8) 128.3 (73.5–201.7) 0.066 CD3+CD8+ cells·μL−1 75.5 (45.5–125.0) 47.9 (25.4–73.8) 104.5 (58.5–142.7) 0.001 C-reactive protein mg·L−1 39.8 (20.6–97.8) 86.4 (37.9–105.5) 36.0 (19.3–91.0) 0.012 Procalcitonin ng·mL−1 0.1 (0.0–0.2) 0.1 (0.1–0.5) 0.1 (0.0–0.2) 0.013 Cardiac troponin I ng·mL−1 0.0 (0.0–0.1) 0.1 (0.0–0.8) 0.0 (0.0–0.0) <0.001 Myoglobin ng·mL−1 36.9 (18.4–124.0) 162.0 (48.5–342.8) 32.3 (15.5–60.3) <0.001 Brain natriuretic peptide pg·mL−1 645.0 (110.0–1504.0) 970.0 (620.5–3531.0) 390.0 (58.0–1118.5) 0.004 Albumin g·L−1 33.2 (30.7–36.4) 33.2 (31.2–35.6) 33.0 (30.6–38.1) 0.764 Total bilirubin μmol·L−1 8.9 (6.6–12.5) 9.6 (8.3–16.3) 8.7 (6.5–12.3) 0.146 Direct bilirubin μmol·L−1 2.5 (1.8–3.9) 3.1 (2.3–6.1) 2.4 (1.8–3.8) 0.101 Alanine aminotransferase U·L−1 22.0 (15.0–40.0) 27.0 (20.0–37.0) 22.0 (14.0–40.5) 0.233 Aspartate aminotransferase U·L−1 30.0 (19.0–43.0) 40.0 (27.0–61.5) 27.5 (19.0–42.0) 0.010 γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase U·L−1 29.0 (17.0–52.5) 23.0 (16.5–42.0) 29.0 (17.0–54.5) 0.518 Creatinine μmol·L−1 66.5 (55.8–82.0) 95.0 (63.0–112.0) 65.0 (55.0–80.0) 0.001 D-dimer mg·L−1 0.5 (0.3–1.7) 1.1 (0.4–10.5) 0.5 (0.3–1.2) 0.011 Prothrombin time s 13.7 (12.4–15.4) 13.9 (12.3–16.3) 13.7 (12.4–15.2) 0.758 Activated partial thromboplastin time s 35.6 (31.0–39.4) 37.8 (30.8–41.5) 35.3 (30.9–39.1) 0.383 PaO2 mmHg 72.0 (57.0– 88.0) 56.0 (49.0 –71.0) 74.5 (59.0–92.0) 0.001 PaCO2 mmHg 37.0 (33.0– 41.0) 34.0 (29.0–41.0) 37.0 (34.0–41.0) 0.068 PaO2:FIO2 mmHg 249.6±106.1 185.5±64.8 261.5±108.2 0.002 Data are presented as n, median (interquartile range) or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. PaO2: arterial oxygen tension; PaCO2: arterial carbon dioxide tension; FIO2: inspiratory oxygen fraction.
- TABLE 3
Univariate analysis of mortality risk factors for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia
Characteristics Deceased Survivors OR (95%CI) p-value Patients n 21 158 Age group years 0–49 0 31.0 0.000 (0.000–) 0.997 50–64 19.0 38.6 2.673 (0.859–8.318) 0.090 ≥65 81.0 30.4 9.740 (3.113–30.476) <0.001 Underlying diseases Hypertension 61.9 28.5 4.081 (1.584–10.510) 0.004 Cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases 57.1 10.8 11.059 (4.068–30.063) <0.001 Symptoms Dyspnoea 85.7 44.9 7.352 (2.082–25.966) 0.002 Fatigue 61.9 36.7 2.802(1.096–7.160) 0.031 Sputum production 57.1 27.2 3.566 (1.403–9.061) 0.008 Headache 23.8 7.6 3.802 (1.187–12.177) 0.025 Respiratory rate >20 breaths·min−1 47.6 31.0 2.022(0.806–5.076) 0.134 White blood cells ×109 cells·L−1 >10 33.3 12.7 3.450 (1.242–9.580) 0.017 4–10 52.4 60.1 1.371 (0.550–3.418) 0.499 <4 14.3 27.2 0.446 (0.125–1.590) 0.213 Neutrophils ×109 cells·L−1 >6.3 57.1 24.7 4.068 (1.594–10.382) 0.003 1.8–6.3 33.3 65.2 0.267 (0.102–0.700) 0.071 <1.8 9.5 10.1 0.934 (0.199–4.384) 0.931 Lymphocytes <1.1×109 cells·L−1 90.5 72.2 3.667(0.820–16.400) 0.089 CD3+CD8+ T-cells ≤75 cells·μL−1 78.9 40.0 5.625 (1.664–19.013) 0.005 C-reactive protein ≥10 mg·L−1 95.2 87.3 2.901 (0.368–22.878) 0.312 Procalcitonin ≥0.5 ng·mL−1 21.1 9.9 2.438 (0.631–9.414) 0.196 Cardiac troponin I ≥0.05 ng·mL−1 61.5 17.9 7.314 (1.832–29.210) 0.005 Myoglobin >100 ng·mL−1 64.3 18.4 8.000 (2.157–29.671) 0.002 Brain natriuretic peptide >100 pg·mL−1 94.1 67.6 7.680 (0.909–64.906) 0.061 Aspartate aminotransferase >40 U·L−1 47.6 29.9 2.134 (0.848–5.373) 0.108 Creatinine ≥133 μmol·L−1 19.0 2.1 11.137 (2.296–54.028) 0.003 D-dimer ≥0.5 mg·L−1 76.2 47.9 3.474 (1.152–10.481) 0.027 PaO2 mmHg ≥80 14.3 41.7 0.233 (0.065–0.840) 0.026 60–79 28.6 32.4 0.834 (0.298–2.334) 0.730 <60 57.1 25.9 3.810 (1.451–10.004) 0.007 PaO2:FIO2 <200 mmHg 47.6 29.2 2.204 (0.854–5.684) 0.102 Data are presented as %, unless otherwise stated. PaO2: arterial oxygen tension; FIO2: inspiratory oxygen fraction.
- TABLE 4
Multivariate logistic regression analysis of mortality risk factors for patients with severe acute respiratory infection
Variables OR (95% CI) p-value Age ≥65 years 3.765 (1.201–11.803) 0.023 Cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases 2.464 (1.279–4.747) 0.007 CD3+CD8+ T-cells ≤75 cells·μL−1 3.982 (1.761–9.004) <0.001 Cardiac troponin I ≥0.05 ng·mL−1 4.077 (1.778–9.349) <0.001 - TABLE 5
Univariate analysis of mortality risk factors for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in matched case–control study
Variables Deceased Survivors OR (95% CI) p-value Patients n 21 42 CD3+CD8+ T-cells ≤75 cells·μL−1 78.9 42.9 5.000 (1.319–18.960) 0.018 Cardiac troponin I ≥0.05 ng·mL−1 61.5 18.2 7.200 (1.518–34.139) 0.013 Myoglobin >100 ng·mL−1 60.0 28.6 3.750 (0.924–15.226) 0.064 Procalcitonin ≥0.5 ng·mL−1 21.1 9.1 2.667 (0.528–13.477) 0.235 Creatinine ≥133 μmol·L−1 19.0 4.8 4.706 (0.786–28.178) 0.090 Data are presented as %, unless otherwise stated.
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Vol 55 Issue 5
Table of Contents
Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study
