Impact of excessive sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea on work productivity in the United States

Abstract

Introduction: Scant research has examined the work impact of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), beyond increased accident risk among commercial drivers.

Aims and Objectives: To assess the impact of OSA with EDS on productivity across diverse work settings in the United States (US).

Methods: Focus groups in 3 US cities with 42 patients experiencing OSA with EDS; coded transcripts qualitatively analysed using adapted grounded theory approach.

Results: Most patients either currently (n=29, 69%) or previously (n=9, 21%) experienced EDS-related work impacts (difficulty staying awake at work [n=29, 69%], difficulty completing detail-oriented tasks [n=22, 52%], decreased overall productivity [n=15, 36%]). Ten (24%) reported that their symptoms had been noticed by a boss or coworkers; 5 (12%) experienced disciplinary action, including employment termination (n=3, 7%). Notably, of those currently experiencing EDS-related work impacts (n=29), the majority used a CPAP/BiPAP (n=16, 55%) or oral device (n=5, 17%) and 71% (15/21) of these device users reported that their device was effective for managing OSA symptoms such as snoring, cessation of breathing, and waking up during the night. Physician advice to those with current EDS-related work impacts for managing their EDS (n=8) included weight loss (n=5, 63%), prescription medication (n=2, 25%), and lifestyle changes (n=2, 25%).

Conclusion: Findings suggest that OSA with EDS may affect work productivity. Future research should quantitatively assess this further, and explore how treatments and interventions may help patients manage EDS in their work lives.

Support: Jazz Pharmaceuticals.