Tryptase | | | |
VIP | Purified dog and human tryptase; purified system | Degradation; blockade of VIP-induced SMC relaxation | [87, 88] |
CGRP | Purified dog and human tryptase; purified system | Degradation | [88] |
PHM | Purified dog and human tryptase; purified system | Degradation | [88] |
Gelatine | Recombinant human β-tryptase; purified system | ECM remodelling | [91, 92] |
Pro-MMP1, -3, -13 | Tryptase added to cell-conditioned medium; data from Mcpt6−/− MCs | Activation of pro-collagenase activity | [98–100] |
PAR-2 | Cell biological approaches | Receptor activation | [93–95] |
RANTES/CCL5 | Recombinant/purified human β-tryptase; chemotaxis assays | Degradation; blockade of eosinophil chemotaxis | [96] |
Eotaxin | Recombinant/purified human β-tryptase; chemotaxis assays | Degradation; blockade of eosinophil chemotaxis | [96, 97] |
Histones | Cell culture, Mcpt6−/− MCs | Degradation; removal of N-terminal ends | [102] |
Fibrinogen | Purified β-tryptase; in vivo findings using Mcpt6−/− mice | Degradation; regulation of blood coagulation | [89, 90] |
Complement factors (C3, C5) | Purified system | Generation of anaphylatoxins (C3a, C5a) | [101] |
Chymase | | | |
Fibronectin | Purified systems; cell biological approaches; in vivo data from Mcpt4−/− mice | ECM remodelling | [23, 85, 107, 108] |
Pro-MMP2 | In vitro data; in vivo data from Mcpt4−/− mice | Processing to active MMP2; ECM remodelling | [111, 113] |
Pro-MMP9 | In vitro data; in vivo data from Mcpt4−/− mice | Processing to active MMP2; ECM remodelling | [110–112] |
Latent TGF-β | Purified/recombinant human chymase; chymase inhibitor; cell biological approaches | Activation; pro-fibrotic activity; ECM remodelling | [123–125] |
Pro-collagenase | Purified human chymase; purified system | Activation of collagenolytic activity; ECM remodelling | [109] |
Pro-IL-1β | Purified human chymase; purified system | Activation to IL-1β; pro-inflammatory activity | [116] |
IL-6 | Human purified chymase; human skin MCs | Degradation; blockade of pro-inflammatory activity | [114, 115] |
IL-13 | Human purified chymase; human skin MCs | Degradation; blockade of pro-inflammatory activity | [114] |
Pro-IL-18 | Recombinant human chymase; purified systems and cell biological approach | Activation; proposed pro-inflammatory activity in atopic disease | [115, 117] |
IL-33 | Human chymase, purified mMCP4; purified systems and in vivo data from Mcpt4−/− mice | Degradation; blockade of pro-inflammatory activity | [78, 115, 127] |
TNF | In vivo data from Mcpt4−/− mice | Degradation; blockade of pro-inflammatory activity; increased survival in sepsis | [118] |
CCL6, CCL9, CCL15, CCL23 | Human recombinant chymase; purified system/cell biological approaches | Activation; promotes CCR1 stimulation | [119] |
CTAP-III | Human skin MCs | Processing to active NAP-2/CXCL7 | [131] |
Chemerin | Purified human chymase; chemotaxis assays | Degradation; abolished chemotactic activity | [130] |
Substance P | Purified dog chymase | Degradation | [87] |
HMGB1 | In vivo data from Mcpt4−/− mice | Degradation; blockade of pro-inflammatory activity | [127] |
Thrombin | Purified mMCP4; in vivo findings from Mcpt4−/− mice | Degradation; regulation of blood coagulation | [23, 121, 122] |
Tight junction proteins | Cell biological approaches; in vivo data from Mcpt4−/− mice | Degradation; Increased endothelial/epithelial permeability | [113, 128] |
Big-endothelin-1 | In vitro; in vivo data from Mcpt4−/− mice | Gained vasoconstrictor activity | [129] |
Hemidesmosomes (BP180) | In vivo data from Mcpt4−/− mice | Skin blistering | [112] |
Angiotensin I | Purified systems; cell biological approaches; in vivo data from Mcpt4−/− mice | Activation to angiotensin I; degradation of angiotensin I; effects on vasoconstriction | [120, 135, 136] |
VIP | Purified dog chymase; in vivo data from Mcpt4−/− mice | Degradation; potential detrimental impact on asthma | [87, 126] |
CPA3 | | | |
Endothelin | In vivo data from mice with mutated Cpa3 | Degradation | [9, 137] |
Neurotensin | Purified human CPA3; purified system | Degradation | [133, 134] |
Kinetensin | Purified human CPA3; purified system | Degradation | [133, 134] |
Neuromedin N | Purified human CPA3; purified system | Degradation | [134] |
Angiotensin I | Purified human CPA3; purified system; cell biological approach | Degradation | [135, 136] |