Subjects n | 32 | 26 | 39 | |
Clinical characteristics | | | | |
Age at follow-up years | 51.7±13.3 | 63.2±11.8+ | 61.9±12.4+ | 0.001 |
Males | 12 (37.5%) | 15 (57.7%) | 28 (71.8%)+ | 0.015 |
BMI kg·m−2 | 25.9 (23.3–28.5) | 28.1 (25.0–30.8) | 28.7 (24.2–33.4) | 0.045 |
Use of medication | | | | |
ICS in daily use | 20 (62.5%) | 21 (80.8%) | 31 (79.5%) | 0.179 |
ICS dose per day¶ | 800 (400–1000) | 800 (650–1800) | 1000 (775–1500) | 0.282 |
LABA in daily use | 6 (18.8%) | 16 (61.5%)+ | 25 (64.1%)+ | <0.001 |
LAMA, LTRA or theophylline in daily use | 3 (9.4%) | 7 (26.9%) | 8 (20.5%) | 0.214 |
≥1 antibiotic course during follow-up | 22 (68.8%) | 22 (84.6%) | 30 (76.9%) | 0.366 |
Use of oral steroid courses ever | 9 (28.1%) | 9 (34.6%) | 11 (28.9%) | 0.846 |
Effect of cumulative smoking history | | | | |
≥1 hospitalisations during follow-up for any respiratory reason | 4 (12.5%) | 6 (23.1%) | 16 (41.0%)+ | 0.023 |
≥1 asthma-related hospitalisations during follow-up | 2 (6.3%) | 5 (19.2%) | 12 (30.8%)+ | 0.035 |
Comorbidities | 0 (0–1) | 2 (1–3)+ | 2 (1–4)+ | <0.001 |
ACT | 23 (21–25) | 21 (17–24)+ | 21 (17–23)+ | 0.003 |
CAT | 8±5 | 14±7+ | 15±7+ | <0.001 |