Cumulative effect of smoking on disease burden and multimorbidity in adult-onset asthma

Footnotes

• This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier number NCT02733016.

• Author contributions: M. Tommola, P. Ilmarinen, L.E. Tuomisto, L. Lehtimäki and H. Kankaanranta designed the study and wrote the report with input from the other authors. M. Tommola performed the statistical analyses with help from P. Ilmarinen and P. Nieminen. O. Niemelä contributed to the laboratory analyses. All authors contributed to interpretation of the data. All authors made critical revisions of the manuscript and approved the final version of the manuscript.

• Conflict of interest: M. Tommola reports personal fees for lectures and consultancy from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees for lectures from AstraZeneca, Filha ry, GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer, grants from Orion research foundation, outside the submitted work.

• Conflict of interest: P. Ilmarinen reports grants from AstraZeneca, personal fees for lectures from MundiPharma, Orion and AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work.

• Conflict of interest: L.E. Tuomisto reports non-financial support for attending an international congress from Chiesi, Orion Pharma and TEVA, personal fees for lectures and non-financial support for attending an international congress from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees for lectures from AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work.

• Conflict of interest: L. Lehtimäki reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GSK, Mundipharma, Novartis, OrionPharma, Teva and ALK, outside the submitted work.

• Conflict of interest: O. Niemelä has nothing to disclose.

• Conflict of interest: P. Nieminen has nothing to disclose.

• Conflict of interest: H. Kankaanranta reports grants, personal fees for lectures and consulting, costs for attending an international congress from AstraZeneca, personal fees for consulting from Chiesi Pharma AB and Roche, personal fees for lectures and consulting, costs for attending an international congress from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees for lectures and consulting from Novartis, personal fees for lectures from Mundipharma and Orion Pharma, outside the submitted work.

• Support statement: Supported by the Finnish Anti-Tuberculosis Association Foundation (Helsinki, Finland), Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation (Tampere, Finland), Jalmari and Rauha Ahokas Foundation (Helsinki, Finland), the Research Foundation of the Pulmonary Diseases (Helsinki, Finland), Orion Research Foundation (Espoo, Finland), the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility Area of Tampere University Hospital (Tampere, Finland) and the Medical Research Fund of Seinäjoki Central Hospital (Seinäjoki, Finland). None of the sponsors had any involvement in the planning, execution, drafting or write-up of this study. Funding information for this article has been deposited with the Crossref Funder Registry.