Abstract
Respiratory frequency (fR) predicts in-hospital and short-term mortality in patients with a variety of pathophysiological conditions, but its predictive value for long-term cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population is unknown. Here, we investigated the relationship between mean nocturnal fR and mortality in community-dwelling older men and women.
We measured mean nocturnal fR during sleep from overnight polysomnography in 2686 men participating in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) Sleep study and 406 women participating in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) to investigate the relationship between mean nocturnal fR and long-term cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.
166 (6.1%) men in the MrOS cohort (8.9±2.6 years’ follow-up) and 46 (11.2%) women in the SOF cohort (6.4±1.6 years’ follow-up) died from cardiovascular disease. All-cause mortality was 51.2% and 26.1% during 13.7±3.7 and 6.4±1.6 years’ follow-up in the MrOS Sleep study and the SOF cohorts, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusted for significant covariates demonstrated that fR dichotomised at 16 breaths·min−1 was independently associated with cardiovascular mortality (MrOS: hazard ratio (HR) 1.57, 95% CI 1.14–2.15; p=0.005; SOF: HR 2.58, 95% CI 1.41–4.76; p=0.002) and all-cause mortality (MrOS: HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04–1.32; p=0.007; SOF: HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.02–2.20; p=0.04).
In community-dwelling older men and women, polysomnography-derived mean nocturnal fR ≥16 breaths·min−1 is an independent predictor of long-term cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Whether nocturnal mean fR can be used as a risk marker warrants further prospective studies.
Abstract
In community-dwelling older men and women, nocturnal respiratory rate of ≥16 breaths·min−1 is an independent predictor of long-term cardiovascular and all-cause mortality http://bit.ly/2XLzi0s
Footnotes
This article has supplementary material available from erj.ersjournals.com
All of the individual participant data generated during this study will be made available at the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) (https://mrosdata.sfcc-cpmc.net/) and the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (https://sofonline.epi-ucsf.org/interface/) websites.
Conflict of interest: M. Baumert has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: D. Linz reports having served on the advisory board of LivaNova, and has received lecture and/or consulting fees from LivaNova and ResMed.
Conflict of interest: K. Stone has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: R.D. McEvoy has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: S. Cummings has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: S. Redline has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: R. Mehra has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: S. Immanuel has nothing to disclose.
Support statement: This study was supported through a grant from the Australian Research Council (DP0663345). The MrOS Study and the SOF Study are supported by National Institutes of Health funding. The following institutes provided support: The National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research (U01 AG027810, U01 AG042124, U01 AG042139, U01 AG042140, U01 AG042143, U01 AG042145, U01 AG042168, U01 AR066160, and UL1 TR000128). The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) provided funding for the MrOS Sleep ancillary study (R01 HL071194, R01 HL070848, R01 HL070847, R01 HL070842, R01 HL070841, R01 HL070837, R01 HL070838, R01 HL070839) and the National Sleep Research Resource (R24-HL-114473). The SOF sleep study was supported by grant AG021918, AG026720, AG05394, AG05407, AG08415, AR35582, AR35583, AR35584, R01 AG005407, R01 AG027576-22, 2 R01 AG005394-22A1, 2 R01 AG027574-22A1, HL40489 and T32 AG000212-14. S. Redline was supported in part by NIH R35HL135818. The study sponsors had no role in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. Funding information for this article has been deposited with the Crossref Funder Registry.
- Received November 14, 2018.
- Accepted April 21, 2019.
- Copyright ©ERS 2019
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