Optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis of lung and other organs

Abstract

Sarcoidosis is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as granulomas. The disease can affect the lungs, skin, lymph nodes, eyes, liver, heart, and brain. As for the eyes it occupies 3-4 place among organs-target. Diagnosis of eye sarcoidosis is quite complicated and is usually found in ophthalmologic examination.

Objective: Studying of diagnostic significance of additional methods of ophthalmology examination for sarcoidosis of lung and other localizations.

Methods: It was a prospective investigation. The study group consisted of patients with the first identified sarcoidosis in different organs. The control group consisted of patients with tuberculosis (TB) with various localizations. It was interrogated patients by special questionnaire, and then it was done conventional ophthalmology examination and optical coherence tomography (iVue-100v3.2, Optovue, USA).

Results: The study group. First identified sarcoidosis: interthoracic lyphnodes was 66, 8% of cases, interthoracic lyphnodes and lung - 22, 2%, lung - 5, 5% and first identified general sarcoidosis (3 and more localizations) - 5, 5%. Retinal lesions: macular degeneration was 33, 3% of cases, macular retinal edema – 11, 1%, retinal detachment – 17, 6%, epiretinal membrane – 5, 6%, healthy retina – 33, 3%. The control group. TB of lung was 89% of cases, TB of bones - 5, 5% and combined TB lesions - 5, 5%. It was not detected any morphological retinal lesions by optical coherence tomography.

Conclusions: Degenerative-dystrophic eye processes for sarcoidosis can be diagnosed by optical coherence tomography. This makes it possible to identify specific eye lesions in the early stages.