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Respiratory irritants in e-cigarette refill liquids across nine European countries: a threat to respiratory health?

Constantine Vardavas, Charis Girvalaki, Alexander Vardavas, Sophia Papadakis, Manolis Tzatzarakis, Panagiotis Behrakis, Aristidis Tsatsakis
European Respiratory Journal 2017 50: 1701698; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01698-2017
Constantine Vardavas
1Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
2Institute of Public Health of the American College of Greece, Athens, Greece
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  • For correspondence: vardavas@tobcontrol.eu
Charis Girvalaki
1Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Alexander Vardavas
1Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Sophia Papadakis
1Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
3Division of Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Manolis Tzatzarakis
1Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Panagiotis Behrakis
2Institute of Public Health of the American College of Greece, Athens, Greece
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Aristidis Tsatsakis
1Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Tables

  • TABLE 1

    Evaluation of potential respiratory irritants among popular e-cigarette refill liquids (n=122), across nine European Union member states in 2016

    SubstancePositive samples %Detected values % (w/w)
    MeanMinimumMaximum
    Menthol41.00.12220.00010.4991
    Ethyl maltol36.90.44090.00437.0960
    Linalool31.10.02680.00040.2630
    Methyl cyclopentanolone26.20.26420.00912.5067
    β-damascone18.90.00700.00020.0742
    Ethyl vanillin18.00.1714000570.9135
    b-Ionone10.70.00290.00050.0076
    Acetyl pyrazine9.00.04660.01590.1067
    a-Ionone9.00.00480.00050.0120
    Ethyl hexanoate8.20.01240.00090.0554
    2,5 dimethylpyrazine4.10.00770.00070.0197
    α-damascone2.50.00290.00020.0078
    3,4 dimethoxy benzaldehyde1.60.02570.01560.0359
    Limonene0.80.00010.00010.0001
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Respiratory irritants in e-cigarette refill liquids across nine European countries: a threat to respiratory health?
Constantine Vardavas, Charis Girvalaki, Alexander Vardavas, Sophia Papadakis, Manolis Tzatzarakis, Panagiotis Behrakis, Aristidis Tsatsakis
European Respiratory Journal Dec 2017, 50 (6) 1701698; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01698-2017

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Respiratory irritants in e-cigarette refill liquids across nine European countries: a threat to respiratory health?
Constantine Vardavas, Charis Girvalaki, Alexander Vardavas, Sophia Papadakis, Manolis Tzatzarakis, Panagiotis Behrakis, Aristidis Tsatsakis
European Respiratory Journal Dec 2017, 50 (6) 1701698; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01698-2017
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