Unstable angina | Unstable COPD |
Worsening chest pain ECG: no myocardial infarction No laboratory evidence of injury | Worsening dyspnoea, VAS <4 No decrease in baseline O2 saturation Respiratory rate <24 breaths per min Heart rate <95 beats per min CRP <10 mg·L−1 |
Myocardial infarction (heart attack) | Exacerbation (chest attack) |
Chest pain Abnormal ECG Abnormal serum enzymes (troponin) | Dyspnoea, VAS ≥4 O2 desaturation <4% below that of stable state No pneumonia on radiography CRP >10 mg·L−1 WBCs ≥9000 cells per mm3 BNP <400 pg·mL−1 D-dimer negative |
Cardiogenic shock | Respiratory failure |
Same syndrome plus shock | Same as above plus hypercapnia PaCO2 >45 mmHg |