Subjects | 2966 | 11 851 | |
Female | 1341 (45.2) | 5360 (45.2) | 0.99 |
Age | 76.6±6.36 | 76.6±6.35 | 0.943 |
Income quintile | | | 0.893 |
1 (lowest) | 760 (25.6) | 2939 (24.8) | |
2 | 688 (23.2) | 2617 (22.1) | |
3 | 523 (17.6) | 2254 (19.0) | |
4 | 470 (15.8) | 2104 (17.8) | |
5 (highest) | 517 (17.4) | 1868 (15.8) | |
Missing | 8 (0.3) | 69 (0.6) | |
Rural residency# | 76 (2.6) | 1472 (12.4) | <0.001 |
Suburban | 267 (9.0) | 3188 (26.9) | |
Urban | 2623 (88.4) | 7191 (60.7) | |
ADGs | 10.5±3.71 | 9.83±3.96 | <0.001 |
Comorbidities | | | |
Bronchiectasis | 483 (16.3) | 559 (4.7) | <0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 297 (10.0) | 1444 (12.2) | 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 723 (24.4) | 3608 (30.4) | <0.001 |
GORD | 704 (23.7) | 2818 (23.8) | 0.961 |
HIV¶ | ≤5 | ≤5 | 0.264 |
Interstitial lung disease | 277 (9.3) | 504 (4.3) | <0.001 |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 121 (4.1) | 412 (3.5) | 0.115 |
Prior TB | 22 (0.7) | 8 (0.1) | <0.001 |
Last COPD hospitalisation | | | <0.001 |
<6 months | 281 (9.5) | 1143 (7.7) | |
6 months–5 years | 661 (22.3) | 3131 (21.1) | |
>5 years or never | 2024 (68.2) | 10 543 (71.2) | |
Last asthma hospitalisation | | | 0.017 |
<6 months | 25 (0.8) | 75 (0.3) | |
6 months–5 years | 98 (3.3) | 461 (3.1) | |
>5 years or never | 2843 (95.9) | 14 281 (96.4) |
Spirometry within 5 years | 2369 (79.9) | 6649 (56.1) | <0.001 |
Prior/current home oxygen therapy | 303 (10.2) | 959 (8.1) | <0.001 |
OLD drug exposure within 1 year | | | |
SABA | 1977 (66.7) | 7314 (61.7) | <0.001 |
LABA+ | 1828 (61.6) | 4949 (41.8) | <0.001 |
SAMA | 928 (31.3) | 3132 (26.4) | <0.001 |
LAMA | 1348 (45.4) | 4006 (33.8) | <0.001 |
Methylxanthine | 301 (10.1) | 597 (5.0) | <0.001 |
Oral corticosteroid | 990 (33.4) | 2807 (23.7) | <0.001 |
Other drug exposure within 1 year | | | |
TNF-α antagonist | 6 (0.2) | 17 (0.1) | 0.467 |
Other immunosuppressant§ | 149 (5.0) | 343 (2.9) | <0.001 |
PPI | 1102 (37.2) | 4335 (36.6) | 0.561 |