Indication | | | 0.36 |
Surveillance | 32 (49) | 14 (40) | 0.37 |
Control | 8 (12) | 8 (23) | 0.17 |
Suspected infection | 13 (20) | 8 (23) | 0.74 |
Asymptomatic FEV1 loss | 12 (19) | 5 (14) | 0.60 |
Bronchoscope characteristics | | | 0.53 |
Channel diameter 3.0 mm | 13 (20) | 4 (11) | |
Channel diameter 2.8 mm | 20 (31) | 11 (32) | |
Channel diameter 2.0 mm | 32 (49) | 20 (57) | |
Physician experience | | | 0.84 |
Attending | 10 (15) | 7 (20) | |
Fellow | 36 (56) | 18 (51) | |
Resident | 19 (29) | 10 (29) | |
Bronchoscopy factors# | | | |
Duration min | 10 (8–15) | 12 (8–15) | 0.12 |
2% lidocaine instilled mL | 10 (10–12) | 10 (10–12) | 0.81 |
Any complication | 1 (2) | 3 (12) | 0.11 |
Desaturation SpO2 <90% | 1 (2) | 1 (4) | |
Cough | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | |
BAL site | | | 0.38 |
Middle lobe | 47 (72) | 20 (57) | |
Left upper lobe | 11 (17) | 6 (17) | |
Right upper lobe | 4 (6) | 5 (14) | |
Lingula | 2 (3) | 2 (6) | |
Any lower lobe | 1 (2) | 2 (6) | |
BAL analysis | | | |
BAL processing time min | 15 (9–15) | 15 (11–15) | 0.19 |
BAL recovery mL | 44.0 (32.0–52.0) | 64.0 (54.0–72.0) | <0.001 |
Cellularity cells·µL−1 | 127 (77–315) | 89 (50–144) | 0.02 |
Corrected cellularity¶ cells·µL−1 | 154 (85–344) | 117 (67–193) | 0.03 |
Neutrophils % | 16 (4–45) | 4 (2–21) | 0.03 |
Lymphocytes % | 4 (2–12) | 2 (1–6) | 0.04 |
Eosinophils % | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0.17 |
Sudan positive % | 1 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | 0.98 |
Fe-staining cells % | 19 (5–31) | 28 (11–55) | 0.30 |
Epithelial cells % | 0 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | 0.68 |
BAL pathogens | | | |
Virology performed | 37 (57) | 19 (54) | 0.67 |
IFTpos | 13 (35¶) | 4 (21¶) | 0.46 |
PCRpos | 1 (50¶) | 1 (25¶) | 0.17 |
Microbiology | 65 (100) | 35 (100) | 1.00 |
Normal commensal | 44 (68¶) | 23 (66¶) | 0.94 |
Pathogenic organism | 6 (9¶) | 4 (11¶) | |
Known colonisation | 15 (23¶) | 8 (23¶) | |
Correlation of BAL and clinical outcomes | | | 0.36 |
Confirm stable | 45 (69) | 23 (65) | |
Confirm infected | 13 (20) | 8 (22) | |
Non-infectious graft decline | | | |
Diagnosis | 5 (8) | 3 (9) | |
Inconclusive | 2 (3) | 1 (4) | |