Male | 952/1446 (65.8) | 714/1096 (65.2) | 0.72 |
Age years | 38 (29–47) | 39 (28–49) | 0.45 |
Job | | | |
Housewife | 33/1446 (2.3) | 146/1096 (13.3) | <0.0001 |
Unemployed | 38/1446 (2.6) | 200/1096 (18.3) | |
Retired | 7/1446 (0.5) | 58/1096 (5.3) | |
Self-employed | 66/1446 (4.6) | 277/1096 (25.3) | |
Other | 1302/1446 (90.0) | 415/1096 (37.9) | |
Period of education years | | | |
0 | 116/1130 (10.3) | 78/1019 (7.7) | <0.0001 |
1–3 | 313/1130 (27.7) | 235/1019 (23.1) | |
4–7 | 496/1130 (43.9) | 374/1019 (36.7) | |
8–11 | 126/1130 (11.2) | 251/1019 (24.6) | |
>11 | 79/1130 (7.0) | 81/1019 (7.9) | |
Resistance pattern | | | |
MDR-TB | 1425/1446 (98.6) | 1087/1096 (99.2) | 0.16 |
pre-XDR-TB | 18/1446 (1.2) | 8/1096 (0.7) | 0.21 |
XDR-TB | 3/1446 (0.2) | 1/1096 (0.1) | 0.53 |
Clinical presentation | | | |
Pulmonary | 1429/1446 (98.8) | 1058/1096 (96.5) | <0.0001 |
Extra-pulmonary | 14/1446 (1.0) | 7/1096 (0.6) | |
Pulmonary and extra-pulmonary | 3/1446 (0.2) | 31/1096 (2.8) | |
Pulmonary involvement | | | |
Normal | 3/1435 (0.2) | 0/1089 (0.0) | <0.0001 |
Unilateral, cavitary | 191/1435 (13.3) | 214/1089 (19.7) | |
Unilateral, not cavitary | 92/1435 (6.4) | 85/1089 (7.8) | |
Bilateral, cavitary | 961/1435 (67.0) | 683/1089 (62.7) | |
Bilateral, not cavitary | 188/1435 (13.1) | 107/1089 (9.8) | |
Extra-pulmonary involvement | | | |
Lymph nodes | 8/16 (50.0) | 10/25 (40.0) | 0.27 |
Bones | 4/16 (25.0) | 3/25 (12.0) | |
Pleurae | 2/16 (12.5) | 2/25 (8.0) | |
Other | 2/16 (12.5) | 10/25 (40.0) | |
Weight at baseline kg | 50.0 (48.0–58.0) | 54.0 (47.0–62.0) | <0.0001 |
Weight at end of treatment kg | 53.0 (48.0–63.5) | 58.5 (50.0–68.0) | <0.0001 |
Number of previous TB therapies | 3 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | <0.0001 |
Acquired resistance | 1293/1446 (89.4) | 837/1096 (76.4) | <0.0001 |
Drug use | | | |
Amikacin | 1365/1446 (94.4) | 810/1096 (73.9) | <0.0001 |
Ofloxacin | 1426/1446 (98.6) | 824/1096 (75.2) | <0.0001 |
Levofloxacin | 0/1446 (0.0) | 265/1096 (24.2) | <0.0001 |
Terizidone | 1438/1446 (99.5) | 1079/1096 (98.5) | 0.01 |
Streptomycin | 58/1446 (4.0) | 289/1096 (26.4) | <0.0001 |
Ethambutol | 1441/1446 (99.7) | 1081/1096 (98.6) | 0.005 |
Ciprofloxacin | 0/1446 (0.0) | 0/1096 (0.0) | |
Metronidazole | 2/1446 (0.1) | 3/1096 (0.3) | 0.66 |
Clarithromycin | 0/1446 (0.0) | 2/1096 (0.2) | 0.19 |
Ethionamide | 5/1446 (0.4) | 39/1096 (3.6) | <0.0001 |
Moxifloxacin | 2/1446 (0.1) | 7/1096 (0.6) | 0.045 |
Isoniazid | 2/1446 (0.1) | 2/1096 (0.2) | 1.0 |
Rifampicin | 3/1446 (0.2) | 4/1096 (0.4) | 0.47 |
Fluoroquinolones | 1426/1446 (98.6) | 1082/1096 (98.7) | 0.82 |
Aminoglycosides | 1423/1446 (98.4) | 1092/1096 (99.6) | 0.003 |
Treatment duration months | 18.0 (16.0–20.0) | 18.0 (16.0–19.0) | 0.03 |
N of resistance <3 | 18.0 (15.5–21.0) | 18.0 (15.5–19.0) | 0.03 |
N of resistance ≥3 | 18.0 (17.0–20.0) | 18.0 (17.0–20.0) | 0.45 |
MDR-TB | 18.0 (16.0–20.0) | 18.0 (16.0–19.0) | 0.04 |
pre-XDR-TB/XDR-TB | 23.0 (18.0–33.0) | 18.0 (18.0–24.0) | 0.73 |
DOT | 500/1446 (34.6) | 738/1096 (67.3) | <0.0001 |
HIV testing | 86/1444 (6.0) | 84/ 1085(7.7) | 0.08 |
Risk factors | | | |
Exposure to corticosteroids | 3/1445 (0.2) | 3/1096 (0.3) | 1.0 |
Transplantation | 0/1445 (0.0) | 0/1096 (0.0) | |
Drug abuse | 24/1445 (1.7) | 107/1096 (9.8) | <0.0001 |
Alcohol user | 52/1445 (3.6) | 210/1096 (19.2) | <0.0001 |
Tobacco user | 3/1445 (0.2) | 35/1096 (3.2) | <0.0001 |
Exposure to TNF-α | 0/1445 (0.0) | 0/1096 (0.0) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 57/1445 (3.9) | 132/1096 (12.1) | <0.0001 |
Silicosis | 3/1445 (0.2) | 2/1096 (0.2) | 1.0 |
Co-morbidities | | | |
Neoplasia | 6/1445 (0.4) | 9/1096 (0.8) | 0.19 |
Renal failure | 3/1445 (0.2) | 5/1096 (0.5) | 0.30 |
Hepatitis | 5/1445 (0.4) | 9/1096 (0.8) | 0.17 |
Mental disorder | 16/1445 (1.1) | 30/1096 (2.8) | 0.002 |
AIDS | 79/1445 (5.5) | 76/1096 (7.0) | 0.13 |
Other diseases | 42/1445 (2.9) | 128/1096 (11.7) | <0.0001 |
Seizures | 0/1445 (0.0) | 0/1096 (0.0) | |
Drug-resistance | | | |
Pyrazinamide | 614/1123 (54.7) | 139/466 (29.8) | <0.0001 |
Ethambutol | 586/1368 (42.8) | 341/1047 (32.6) | <0.0001 |
Aminoglycosides | 639/1384 (46.2) | 398/1031 (38.6) | <0.0001 |
Amikacin | 6/39 (15.4) | 3/31 (9.7) | 0.72 |
Kanamycin | 1/6 (16.7) | 2/16 (12.5) | 1.0 |
Streptomycin | 638/1381 (46.2) | 397/1030 (38.5) | <0.0001 |
Fluoroquinolones | 18/46 (39.1) | 8/35 (22.9) | 0.12 |
Ofloxacin | 16/44 (36.4) | 6/32 (18.8) | 0.10 |
Levofloxacin | 2/3 (66.7) | 0/4 (0.0) | 0.14 |
Moxifloxacin | | 1/1 (100.0) | |
Ciprofloxacin | 1/6 (16.7) | 1/15 (6.7) | 0.50 |
Ethionamide | 342/1015 (33.7) | 72/323 (22.3) | <0.0001 |
Clofazimine | | | |
Terizidone | 1/1 (100.0) | | |
n of resistance | 3 (3–4) | 3 (2–3) | <0.0001 |
N of resistance ≥3 | 1238/1446 (85.6) | 676/1096 (61.7) | <0.0001 |