Abstract
Introduction: Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of all types of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases.
Genetic research increased the understanding of nicotine dependence and it is likely to clarify the mechanisms involved in the main harms smokers are exposed to.
Aims: To compare the smoking profile of smokers with cardiovascular vs cerebrovascular disease.
To assess the smoking risk using the product of smoking pack-years and cotinine.
Methods: Retrospective, comparative study of smokers in cessation program- intensive approach.
n= 225 smokers
Control group (C)- 67 healthy
Group I- 44 cardiovascular
Group II- 25 cerebrovascular
Results: Age at starting smoking, fagerström test, richmond test, carbon monoxide in exhaled air: p> 0.05
Mean age (years): C(40.1±10.4): p <0.05
I (49.4±9.5) II (51.3±12.2): p> 0.05
Smoking pack-years (pack-year): C(22.6±17.6) I (30.1±18.3) II (40.2±17.4):p <0.05
Urinary Cotinine (ng/ ml): C(2575±1995) p> 0.05
I (2092±1786) II (1563±1826) p <0.05
Smoking risk: I/II: p <0.05
Conclusions: Highly motivated smokers have serious smoking disease without changing the pattern of consumption by the existence of previously related disease.
Smokers with cardiovascular disease have lower pack years smoked but higher cotinine levels than cerebrovascular:greater susceptibility/distinct phenotype?
Smokers with cerebrovascular disease have more pack years smoked but lower cotinine levels than cerebrovascular and healthy: greater cumulative exposure/distinct phenotype?
The association of a cumulative risk factor (pack-years) with a biomarker of current consumption (cotinine) shows discriminative power between cardiovascular vs cerebrovascular diseases.
- Copyright ©the authors 2016
